War with Mexico Notes
I. Mexico was angry with the U.S because: 1111. Mexico had never recognized Texas as an independent country so annexation was seen as an insult 2222. Mexico insisted that the Texas boundary was the Nueces River and not the Rio Grande 3333. The United States wanted to extend to the Pacific Ocean (Manifest Destiny)
II. Negotiations with Mexico: John Slidell was sent by President Polk to negotiate with Mexico. U.S. would pay all damage claims made by Americans to the Mexican government. U.S. would give $30 million to Mexico for California and the recognition of the Rio Grande boundary for Texas. Result: The Mexican government refused to talk to Slidell.
III. Battles of the War: Zachary Taylor and Winfield Scott were Generals ordered by Pres. Polk to move their troops across the Nueces River to the Rio Grande in March 1846 Mexican and American soldiers fought in May On May 13, the U.S. declared war on Mexico. More than 5,000 Texans joined up to fight. Taylor moved into Monterrey and then defeated Santa Anna at Buena Vista. Scott landed at Vera Cruz and captured Mexico City in September 1847.
IV. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: named after a small town near Mexico City where the U.S. and Mexico signed a peace treaty on February 2, The three parts of the treaty were: The three parts of the treaty were: 1. Mexico gives up all claims to Texas and accepts the Rio Grande as the Texas boundary. 2. Mexico gives up the Mexican Cession, which is all land west of Texas to the Pacific Ocean. 3. The United States pays Mexico $15 million for the Mexican Cession.
V. Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay’s proposal was an attempt to satisfy the growing divide between the North and South on the issue of slavery. Texas gave up its claim to the area around Santa Fe, New Mexico, and was paid $10 million for it by the U.S. The slave trade, but not slavery itself, was ended in D.C.; the Fugitive Slave Law was passed (provide help finding runaway slaves) California entered the U.S. as a free state, and Utah and New Mexico became territories.