 November Factory workers/sailors revolted against provisional government  Quickly overthrew government  Ended private ownership, gave land to peasants, gave factory owners control of the business

 Gained land in Germany through the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk  Civil wars tore apart the nation  Those still loyal to the czar rebelled against the Red Army

 Foreign powers such as Japan tried assisting the revolts  The Allies sought to help the Whites (Anti- Red Army)  Attempts failed  Russian nationalism flared

 Assassination attempts against Lenin  Red Army created reign of terror by enforcing secret police called Cheka  “War communism”- Red Army took over factories, banks, railroads, etc.  Revolutionary Leon Trotsky created an effective army from the Red Army › Threatened to shoot every tenth man if they fought inadequately

 1921 the Red Army (communists) triumphed  Resulted in chaos throughout Russia  Millions had died and were dying from starvation  Lenin now had to clean up a nation in ruin

 Lenin wanted to create a society where the people had the power  However the Communists still had complete control, like the czars  Gained land in Russia and created Soviet Union

 Economy was failing  Lenin created the New Economic Policy, NEP  Allowed some freedom among the businesses  This improved the economy and standard of living  However, the NEP was only a way to improve these things and would be removed quickly

 In 1924, Lenin died suddenly  Instead of a burial, his body was put on display in the Red Square of Moscow  It was meant to portray that his ideas would not die with him  After his death, an eager Joseph Stalin took his place