Chapter 5 Creating a Constitution

Chapter 5 Vocabulary duty recession popular sovereignty federalism separation of powers legislative branch executive branch judicial branch checks and balances Veto Impeach Amendment Federalist antifederalist

Chapter 5: Creating a Constitution Section 1: The Confederation Answer the following questions using pp. 158-162. A. Why was the passage of the Northwest Ordinance considered a success for the Confederation? B. What do you think was the most serious flaw of the Articles of Confederation? Why? C. How are the issues faced by the federal government today similar to those that were faced by the Confederation Congress?

What was the purpose of the Articles of Confederation?

True or False? The Constitution is a document that sets the foundation for the United States government. The Virginia Plan benefited small states because it called for representation based on population. The Three-Fifths compromise stated that every five slaves in a state would count as three free persons.

The First President? In November 1777, the Continental Congress adopted the Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union—a plan for a loose union of states under the authority of the Congress. Articles of Confederation were the United States' first constitution. Seven presidents served under its laws, yet they were mainly figureheads and had little political power.[1] One of the presidents, John Hancock, never even entered New York City, which was the capital at the time, during his term of office. Each president served a one-year term. John Hanson (1782) Elias Boudinot (1783) Thomas Mifflin (1784) Richard Henry Lee (1785) John Hancock (1786) Nathan Gorman (1787) Arthur Saint Clair (1788) Cyrus Griffin (1789)

Articles of Confederation Power to: Weaknesses (No Power to: Declare war Impose taxes Raise armies Regulate trade Sign treaties Force states to abide by the peace treaty Regulate currency A. The Articles of Confederation established a very weak central government. The government was called the Confederation. They were one sitting body. There were no separate executive and judicial branches.

The Constitution The Constitution is a document that sets the foundation for the United States government.

The Constitution of The United States The Preamble We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessing of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

The Preamble List the five key verbs used in the Preamble to the Constitution. Establish justice Insure domestic tranquility Provide for the common defense Promote the general welfare Secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity

The Constitution of The United States The Preamble We the people of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessing of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. Establish Insure Provide Promote Secure

VA Virginia Plan Abandon the Articles of Confederation. Three branches of government Legislative (law making) Executive (President) Judiciary (the Supreme Court) Two house legislature The representatives for each state would reflect the state’s population “A national government ought to be established, consisting of a supreme Legislative, Executive, and Judiciary.” –Edmund Randolph, Delegate from VA Wanted to scrap the Articles of Confederation

NJ The New Jersey Plan Modify the Articles of Confederation. Three branches of government Single house Congress Each state would be equally represented Offered by William Paterson Modified the Articles of Confederation to make the central government stronger

Connecticut Compromise Two house Congress The House of Representatives The states would be represented according to the size of their populations The Senate Each state would have equal representation Proposed by Roger Sherman Historians refer to it as the Great Compromise

Warm Up Read Compromise Over Slavery, pp. 167-168 Why did the South want to count enslaved persons when determining the population of their states? What deal was reached between the North and South over counting slaves? C. What did the Three-Fifths Compromise suggest about how the Framers of the Constitution viewed enslaved Africans Americans?

Current Events In a desperate attempt to raise money, Congress has decided to issue a “youth tax”--$500 per year, payable by every person between 13 and 18. People who refuse to pay will be sentenced to community service for six months. Will you pay?

Our Rights The right To be protected from unfair actions To receive equal treatment under the law To retain certain basic freedoms

Rights Think of a time when you believe that one of your rights was violated. How did that make you feel? What word or phrase comes to mind when you hear the word “rights?” If you could write a “Bill of Rights” for students, name one right that you would include.

Activity Open to p. 182 Read through the Bill of Rights Which of the amendments in the Bill of Rights do you consider the most important and why? Which amendment do you feel is least important and why? What changes should be made to the Bill of Rights? If you could add another amendment, what would it be and why? Using the Bill of Rights on p. 182, decide whether each situation contains a violation of basic rights.

Think of a time when you felt one of your rights had been violated Think of a time when you felt one of your rights had been violated. Which right do you think was violated? How did you feel? RAPPS (Religion, Assembly, Protest, Press, Speech) Right to bear arms (own a gun) No Quarter (your house is your castle) Protection from unfair search and seizure Rights of the accused; double jeopardy; due process Rights to a fair and speedy trial; to a lawyer Right to a jury in civil cases Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment People have other basic rights in addition to those listed Rights not given to the federal government belong to a the state

RAPPS (Religion, Assembly, Protest, Press, Speech) Right to bear arms (own a gun) No Quarter (your house is your castle) Protection from unfair search and seizure Rights of the accused; double jeopardy; due process Rights to a fair and speedy trial; to a lawyer Right to a jury in civil cases Prohibits cruel and unusual punishment People have other basic rights in addition to those listed Rights not given to the federal government belong to a the state

Students’ Bill of Rights Think of some basic rights which should belong to all students. List some of these. Right to access to education (building, materials) Right to be safe in school (physically and mentally) Right to transportation to and from school Right to a meal at school Right to have personal belongings within the law

Students’ Bill of Rights We the students of Parkway West High School, in order to form a more welcoming and engaging learning environment establish this Bill of Rights to provide students with basic rights, protect them from unfair action, and ensure equal treatment. Our rights are as follows: