Information and Software Technology Option: Artificial intelligence, simulation and modelling Information and Software Technology

Wordle Go to http://www.wordle.net/ Learn how to use it Create a Wordle for this topic! Information and Software Technology

Artificial Intelligence (AI) What is INTELLIGENCE? Ability to reason Ability to acquire and use knowledge Ability to perceive ideas Ability to manipulate objects What is AI? Ability of computers to imitate human behaviour and thought processes. Information and Software Technology

AI where is it at? Information and Software Technology

Historical Perspective of AI Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (384 – 322BC) logical reasoning form the basis of many AI systems. Aristotle Info Information and Software Technology

Historical Perspectives of AI Alan Turing (1912 – 1954) created the Turing machine that could perform logical operations. The Turing test is where a human has to determine if the response was generated by a computer or a human. Who Was Alan Turing The Enigma Information and Software Technology

Historical Perspectives of AI The Future? Would you like to know more? HW Page 169 Exercise 8.1 q’s 1 - 4 Information and Software Technology

Areas of AI Major areas of AI DVC “I,video” Intelligent Systems Expert systems and Knowledge Bases Neural networks Games Natural language Robotics DVC “I,video” Information and Software Technology

Autonomous Information and Software Technology

Asimo Information and Software Technology

Areas of AI An Artificial Intelligent system is a computer system that receives data through an input device such as a mouse, keyboard or microphone and produces an intelligent response. Can you find one on the Internet and paste the link into Wallwisher! Information and Software Technology

Expert systems Expert systems are computer programs that make the collective knowledge of various experts in a field available to the user. They are built on knowledge bases. Information and Software Technology

Expert systems Examples of expert system include Medical expert system Voice recognition system Travel navigation expert system Financial systems Information and Software Technology

Expert System Example Investigate an expert system. place your findings on our Wallwisher site. Information and Software Technology

PREZI Create a PREZI on something to do with AI (can not be a movie) Include pictures and video. Present a 5 Minute PREZI to the class. Information and Software Technology

Neural networks A computer system that works like the human brain and is capable of learning. Watch video Information and Software Technology

AI Terminology Knowledge bases – a centralised repository for information. Computers can be programmed to use rules based on set conditions. IF-THEN rule. IF this knowledge exists (premise) THEN do this (conclusion). Information and Software Technology

AI Terminology Agents – A piece of software designed to search through databases for relevant data. Used in neural networks to search vast amounts of data. Information and Software Technology

AI Terminology Demons – A program that springs to life when it is relevant. Allow computers to be self-modifying. HW Page 175 Exercise 8.2 q’s 1-4 Information and Software Technology

Modelling and simulations Model – a simpler version of a real world object or idea. Modelling – process of creating a model. Information and Software Technology

Modelling and simulations Computer model – an electronic representation of an object or idea. Simulation – the process of imitating real-life occurrences in order to test a model. Information and Software Technology

Purposes of Modelling and Simulations Spreadsheets Financial Planners Car Manufacturers Training Simulators Drilling Simulators Space Shuttle Missions Scientific Simulations Astronomers Information and Software Technology

Advantages and Limitations Safer, cheaper and quicker to use a model. More efficient and minor changes to the models can be easily altered. Life Like????? Information and Software Technology

Advantages and Limitations Might be the only method for training (astronauts). The simulation is only as good as the model that was created. Information and Software Technology

Advantages and Limitations Models are often too simplistic and lead to inaccurate results. HW Page 178 Exercise 8.3 q’s 1-4 Information and Software Technology

Requirements of Models and Simulations Hardware Can take a lot of time to build the required hardware. The hardware needs fast processing Parallel processing (linking of two or more processing units within the one computer) is often used. Large amounts of storage space is required. Information and Software Technology

Requirements of Models and Simulations Software Required to carry out complex computations. Specifically designed to suit the model. Information and Software Technology

Simulators A hardware device that imitates certain environments. Used for training and experiments to simulate movement. Information and Software Technology

Simulators Flight simulators Used to train pilots and provide realistic feelings of flying Has working replica of cockpit, computers, projectors and screens. Information and Software Technology

Homework Exercise 8.4 q’s 1 - 4 Simulators Car simulators Good for learner drivers. Virtual reality games Users usually wear a head-mounted display that presents computer images to each eye and sounds through earphones. Homework Exercise 8.4 q’s 1 - 4 Information and Software Technology

Simulators Information and Software Technology

Spreadsheets If Then Else Information and Software Technology