Foreign Policy: Wait and See George H. W. Bush Foreign Policy: Wait and See

1989: The Year of Miracles

Tiananmen Square Demonstrations

General Secretary Deng Xiaoping

Tank Man

Tiananmen Square Massacre

Tiananmen Square

Fall of the Berlin Wall November 9, 1989

Fall of 1989: Berlin Crowds Gathered 1989 Spirit of Revolution Fall of 1989: Berlin Crowds Gathered

November 9, 1989 6:53 pm East German official commented on travel laws "Well, as far as I can see, ... straightaway, immediately."

10:30 pm (November 9, 1989) Berlin Border Opened

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Fall of the Berlin Wall

Who helped to bring down the Berlin Wall?

US Response: “A Pause” Why did Herby “pause?” Working without US support Fear of counter revolution Might not work –look bad Personal relationship with Gorbachev

Berlin Wall Today

Berlin Wall (Today) George H. W. Bush Library

Berlin Wall (Las Vegas)

German Reunification October 3, 1990 Chancellor Helmut Kohl

Thaw in the Cold War Continued

Mikhail Gorbachev Nobel Peace Prize (1990) Ronald Reagan Freedom Award (1992) Times Person of the Decade (1990) Times Person of the Year (1987 and 1989)

Washington Summit May 30 – June 3, 1990 Main Accomplishment: cut arms to Iraq

Conventional Forces in Europe (CFE) November 19, 1990 Major turning point in American-Soviet relations Mandated the destruction of excess weaponry Cut conventional forces in Europe to the same levels US Win: Soviets had to cut more

START I (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) July 31, 1991 Nuclear Missiles US 7,200 Soviets 6,000 US Victory: US permitted to keep more missiles

Soviet Coup August 18, 1991 Attempted to overthrow Gorbachev and instill a more hard-lined Communistic government

President Bush did not accept coup leaders Coup lasted only 2 days and Gorbachev returned to power

Russian President Boris Yeltsin Yeltsin gives a speech defying the coup attempt, giving rise to his popularity

Soviet Union Map

Coup Ended August 18 - 21, 1991 Gorbachev emerges from hiding

Gorby Losing Power After the coup attempt, soviet satellites began attempting to free themselves of the Soviet Union All power swung to Yeltsin Banned the Communist Party from Russia

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) December 8, 1991

Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS)

End of the Soviet Union December 25, 1991 Gorbachev resigns as leader of the SU

START II (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) Signed 1993, Ratified 2000 Nuclear Warheads US 3,500 Russia 2,997 US Win: US permitted to keep more warheads

Causes for the Fall of the Soviet Union Poor condition of Soviet economy Excessive military spending Gorbachev’s reforms – too good Fall of the Berlin Wall

Growing Drug Problems in the US Whose Fault? Not Americans

Panamanian President Manuel Noriega Drug Middleman 1988 Florida charges Problem US Ally Helped fight communism Trained Contras initially then began to aid the Sandinistas Grew in power in Panama and controlled military

Operation Just Cause (Panama) December 20, 1989

Operation Just Cause 22,500 US troops (23 killed) 27 targets involved $1 billion in damages

Hid in the Vatican Embassy Capturing Noriega Hid in the Vatican Embassy

President Manuel Noriega Captured (1989) Trial and Jail (1992) 40 years, later 30 years Released??? September 9, 2007 “Panama” by Van Halen

over 300,000 Somalis were killed in the famine and civil war Somalia over 300,000 Somalis were killed in the famine and civil war

Operation Restore Hope December 9, 1992 28,150 peacekeepers -ended famine

Herby: A Foreign Policy Guru