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6 Discrepancy between average WMAP observed and ROSAT predicted Sunyaev- Zel'dovich Effect profiles of 31 clusters (2006 ApJ, 648, 176)

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10 GAL. ABS. x MEKAL GAL. ABS. x (MEKAL+PO) SOFT EXCESS HARD EXCESS? POWER-LAW SAME LUMINOSITY AS THERMAL EMISSION! Substantial non- thermal fraction of cluster X-ray flux not only explains soft and hard excess, but is also the reason why such a feeble SZ effect among clusters on the whole How much is a cluster's 2-7 keV flux thermal?

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14 Giant radio halo A 2163

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16 Density Specific Entropy / Volume Zanni et al, A & A, Vol 429, p399

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24 CONSEQUENCES OF ALFVENIC HEATING MODEL 1.The S-Z effect may be probe of cluster non-thermal processes, not cosmology. 2.Contribution of thermal medium to cluster mass overestimated when anomalous SZE. Abundances underestimated. 3.Anomalous S-Z results could be associated with: active AGN with cluster scale X-ray jets or radio jets or radio 'ridges‘ or radio halos or recent cluster merger. 4.Full S-Z effect likely in clusters well fitting a thermal temperature distribution, apart from possible cooling flow. 5.EUV and Hard excess likely where there is large-scale cluster medium turbulence. 6.Extended cluster radio emission enhancement of the same model 7.Active cluster medium is a more important cosmic ray source than in our galaxy.