EN0129 PC and Network Technology - 1 Sajjad Shami Adrian Robson Gerhard Fehringer School of Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences Northumbria University Semester One Week 3: Motherboard [Ref: &

2 Motherboard (Mainboard) Terminology Bits/Bytes Bus ….. Clock Rate MHz…GHz etc

3 Digital computers use Binary system to store data. A Binary Digit is a ‘bit’ 101 A three bit number and 8 bit number or a BYTE An 8 bit BUS (parallel grouping of wires) can carry all 8 bits simultaneously A 32 bit bus could carry 32 bits or ? Bytes Word Long Word Long Long Word Bits Byes Buses

4 The rate at which data is put on the bus is called the Data Rate. It is controlled by a Clock Pulse. 1Mhz clock rate = 1,000,000 times per second 1Ghz clock rate = 1,000 x 1Mhz or 1,000,000,000 per sec 1 GHz = 10 9 Hz An 8 bit BUS clocked at 1GHz carries: 8,000,000,000 bits/sec or 8Gb/s We could also say it carried 1,000,000,000 Bytes/sec or 1GB/s Data Rate & Clock

5 What if Clock = 1Ghz and Bus width = 64 bits Data rate ? Clock = 33Mhz Bus = 32bits Data rate ? Very important to recognise the difference between Mb/s and MB/s Clock rates

6 Case and Motherboard Physical protection Framework for components EM screening Cooling Security PSU often integrated Form factors of motherboards vary

7 MB Form Factor Older AT Form Factor ATX Form Factor

8 1: ISA Bus Adapter Industry Standard Architecture –Being Phased out –8Mhz Clock –16 bit Data Bus –A modified PC Bus Adapter Extra connectors added

9 2: BIOS Basic Input Output System –Holds small program –Performs a start up test POST Power On Startup Test –Initialises boot process

10 3: RTC Real Time Clock Also contains the CMOS memory –Used to provide user settings for the BIOS

11 4: ChipSet (also 7) Chipset –Manages communication between CPU and rest of Board On this Board this would be the NORTH Bridge NORTH BRIDGE –Translates PCI, Memory and South Bridge

12 5: CPU Socket Socket for CPU –Many different types << This is a Socket 7 PGA –Check different types

13 6: ATX Power Connector All ATX MBs have this connector Matching Plug on the ATX PSU Keyed –Will only fit one way

14 7: Chipset ( also 4) On this board this is the South Bridge South bridge handles ISA slots plus peripherals Translates signals and passes to North Bridge, North bridge then translates for CPU –Differing clock etc

15 8: PCI Bus Adapters Peripheral Component Interconnect –Supercedes ISA –33MHz –32 bit data bus –Many other features (later)

16 9: AGP Graphics Card Socket Accelerated Graphics Port ONLY For graphic cards Older style Graphics cards used the PCI sockets Check on clock etc

17 10: Two IDE Sockets Usually IDE1 and IDE2 Hard Disk Control/Data Cable

18 11: FDD Controller Floppy Drive controller Cable to Floppy Disk 2 Floppy supported

19 12: Memory Sockets These are DIMM 164 Pin Slots. Check Older boards in Lab More in Memory Section

20 13: Battery Battery Used to maintain info in CMOS setup. This is a common type but others exist.

21 Peripheral Connectors

22 Serial Port Monitor Parallel Port Usually Printer Joystick Sound Universal Serial Bus KeyBoard This shows an onboard graphics system. Often COM2 is at this position Peripheral Connectors

23 Motherboard from MSI