Mechanisms of ocean- atmosphere interactions Arnaud Czaja SPAT PG lecture Nov. 2011.

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Presentation transcript:

Mechanisms of ocean- atmosphere interactions Arnaud Czaja SPAT PG lecture Nov. 2011

Atmosphere “feels” the ocean through: Momentum exchanges (friction) Surface heat exchanges Q atmosphere ocean ToTo

Atmosphere “feels” the ocean through: Momentum exchanges Surface heat exchange Q atmosphere ocean ToTo Radiative + “sensible” + “latent”

Ocean – atmosphere heat exchange Radiative = solar (up and down) and longwave (up and down). Weakly dependent upon To and hence upon ocean currents, thermocline depth, etc. Sensible & latent: bring the surface atmosphere into thermodynamic equilibrium with the ocean (Ta=To and RH = 100%). Very strongly dependent upon To.

Sensible heat flux climatology (Wm-2) Annual mean DJF JJA

Latent heat flux climatology (Wm-2) Annual mean DJF JJA

Net heat flux climatology (Wm-2) Annual mean DJF JJA

Over which atmospheric layer is Q=Qlat+Qsen felt? For given To, destabilize atm by advecting an unbalanced air mass ToTo advection Buoyancy of free atm (bf) Buoyancy of atm affected by Q(bs) Q T a, q a

Over which atmospheric layer is Qlat+Qsen felt? At same To, could observe very different atmospheric responses advection Situation when bs ≈bo << bf T a, q a ToTo Shallow perturbation

Over which atmospheric layer is Qlat+Qsen felt? At same To, could observe very different atmospheric responses advection Situation when bs ≈ bo ≈ bf T a, q a ToTo Deep perturbation

Atm. heating rate climatology (K/day) Annual mean DJFJJA

Global Infrared image

Response of the atmosphere to a prescribed heating / cooling Linear calculations on the board Follows the classic paper by Hoskins and Karoly (J. Atm. Sci., 1981)

“Gill’s response” to heating (1980)

Relevance of Hoskins/Karoly? Tropics: condensational heating occurs in cloud clusters and is balanced partly by upward motion in clouds and radiative cooling in the subsiding air in between clouds  hard to know what to choose for Q!

Relevance of Hoskins/Karoly? Midlatitudes: does not take into account the weather (travelling baroclinic waves)...

Friday session...