Staff:Dr David Book, [Prof Rex Harris, Dr John Speight – Honorary] Research Fellows: Dr Allan Walton (SCRA Fellow), Dr Vicky Mann, Dr Alex Bevan, Dan Reed, Sean Fletcher, Steve Tedds, [Simon Cannon – technician] PG Students: Rob Bell, Yinghe Zhang, David Brampton, Dr Ruixia Liu, Xiaodong Yi, Dan Amos, Lydia Pickering, James Warren, George Simpson, Peter Abell, Zhuo Wang Hydrogen Materials Group (

Materials Synthesis High-pressure ball-mill (100 bar) Melt-spinning system (alloy quenching) Magnetron sputtering system (thin-film preparation) High-pressure hydrogenation rig (700 bar) Materials Characterisation 2 x Sieverts Volumetric PCT system (200 bar) 3 x constant-pressure TGAs – Hiden IGAs (20 bar) DSC (100 bar) 1000°C TGA (1 bar) Confocal Laser Microscope X-ray Diffractometer with 2 H 2 pressure cells (& mass spec) Dispersive Raman spectrometer with 2 H 2 cells (high & low temp)

“Pd membranes provide < 1 ppb purity with any gas quality” - JM Hydrogen Separation Membranes PEM Fuel Cells are poisioned by: CO > 10 ppm, and Sulphur at ~1 ppb Research into combined hydrocarbon reformation / separation reactors New Pd-Y, Pd-Cu based alloys Thin-film composites constructed

Complex Hydrides: poor reversibility LiBH Magnesium Porous Materials Carbon nanoC LaNi 5

TEM (60 hrs milled) 100 nm Hydrogen absorption 300 ° C,10 bar

Hydrogen Isotherms for MOF Cu-BTC (BASF) 77 K S. Tedds, A. Walton, D. Book 131 K

END

“Chemical and Physical Solutions for Hydrogen Storage”, U. Eberle, M. Felderhoff, F. Schüth, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 48, pp.2 – 25, 2009 Weight of energy storage systems to take a car 500 km

Solid-state Hydrogen Storage Andreas Züttel, Switzerland, 9/1/ kg hydrogen 110l 57l 33l 26l Mg 2 FeH 6 LaNi 5 H 6 H 2 (liquid) H 2 (200 bar) Louis Schlapbach & Andreas Züttel, NATURE, 414, p.353, (2001)

HYDROGEN DENSITY Ref: A. Züttel, “Materials for hydrogen storage”, Materials Today, September (2003), pp H cov HH H2H2

A. Zuettel, A. Borgschulte, Int. Symp. on H 2 Energy, Richmond, USA, Nov 2007

EPSRC SUPERGEN “UK Sustainable Hydrogen Energy Consortium” (Apr 03 - Apr 11) (inc. Bham-Chem, Nott-Mat, Nott-Chem, UCL, Oxford, STFC, Bath, Glasgow, Salford) EC FP6 “Novel Efficient Solid Storage for Hydrogen” (Jan 06 - Dec 10) (inc. Daimler, JM, Air Liquide, Max Planck, CNRS, NCSRD, EMPA, Delft,…) “Polymer-based Hydrogen Storage Materials” (July 06 - July 10) with Cardiff Uni (Neil McKeown), Manchester Uni (Peter Budd) “Supply Chain Research Applied To Clean Hydrogen (SCRATCH)” (Apr 07 - Apr 10) ChemEng (Kevin Kendall), Biosci (Lynne Macaskie), Econ (Richard Green), Met&Mat (David Book) Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform / TSB (Dec 06 - May 09) “Hydrogen Permeable Novel Membranes” (HYPNOMEM) Research Projects & Networks AWM Science City “Hydrogen Energy Project” (April 07 - March 09) £6.3M for equipment for Birmingham and Warwick Universities EPSRC SUPERGEN “Delivery of Sustainable Hydrogen” (Oct 08 - Oct 12) (inc. St Andrews, Leeds, Warwick, Imperial, Cambridge, Manchester, Cardiff Uni’s) “UK-Japan Hydrogen Storage Research Network” (Apr 07- May 09) Workshops for Universities / National Labs in the UK & Japan DIUS / FCO “UK/KOREA Focal Point Programme for H2 Storage” (Apr 07 - Apr 09) Workshops for Universities in the UK & Korea International Energy Agency Task 22 ( , , …) “Fundamental and applied hydrogen storage materials development”

PCT curves of the Ti(1−x)VxMn alloys at 293 K. M. Shibuya et al.JALCOM 466 (2008) p.558 New Metal Hydrides for Hybrid “High-Pressure / Hydride” Stores

Andreas Züttel, University of Fribourg, COMPLEX HYDRIDES Examples: NaAlH 4 Mg(AlH 4 ) 2 LiBH 4 Mg(BH 4 ) 2 Al(BH 4 ) 3 +-

2NaBH 4 + ZnCl 2 Zn(BH 4 ) 2 + 2NaCl - NO i) As-Received M(BH 4 ) n (M=Li, Ca,…) TGA & MS for 2NaBH 4 + ZnCl 2 Milled for 60 min ii) Metathesis M(BH 4 ) n (M=Zn, Mn…) 5NaBH 4 + 2ZnCl 2 NaZn 2 (BH 4 ) 5 + 4NaCl