Strategy for Nuclear Physics Scope and Range of Physics Current Projects Future Projects Other issues Balance of Programme, Theory

Nuclear Structure Advisory Committee (NSAC) Dec [US] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) May 2008 [World] NuPECC 2004 [EU] Context:

Nuclear Structure Advisory Committee (NSAC) Dec [US] Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) May 2008 [World] Quantum Chromodynamics What are the phases of strongly interacting matter, and what roles do they play in the cosmos? What is the internal landscape of the nucleons? What does QCD predict for the properties of strongly interacting matter? What governs the transition of quarks and gluons into pions and nucleons? What is the role of gluons and gluon self-interactions in nucleons and nuclei? What determines the key features of QCD, and what is their relation to the nature of gravity and spacetime? Nuclei and Nuclear Astrophysics What is the nature of the nuclear force that binds protons and neutrons into stable nuclei and rare isotopes? What is the origin of simple patterns in complex nuclei? What is the nature of neutron stars and dense nuclear matter? What is the origin of the elements in the cosmos? What are the nuclear reactions that drive stars and stellar explosions? Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos What is the nature of the neutrinos, what are their masses, and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? Why is there now more visible matter than antimatter in the universe? What are the unseen forces that were present at the dawn of the universe but disappeared from view as the universe evolved? Is QCD the complete theory of the strong interaction? What are the phases of nuclear matter? What is the structure of nuclear matter? What is the role of nuclei in shaping the evolution of the universe? What physics is there beyond the Standard Model?

Nuclear Physics Forum:  How do the properties of atomic nuclei emerge from the forces between the nucleons?  What is the origin of the chemical elements?  What is the nature of strongly interacting matter?

What is the Nature of Nuclear Matter? What are the limits of nuclear existence? How does the ordering of quantum states change in dilute or neutron-rich matter? Are there new forms of nuclear matter in very loosely bound systems and beyond the limits of stability? How do simple patterns arise in complex nuclei? Are there new symmetries describing nuclei far from stability? Can nuclei be described in terms our understanding of the strong interaction? What is the equation-of-state of nuclear matter? Is QCD the Complete Theory of the Strong Interaction? What is the nature of the quark-quark interaction? What is the structure of the proton and neutron? How do the neutron and proton get their spin? What are the phases of strongly interacting matter? What was the nature of matter an instant after the Big Bang? How do quarks and gluons transform into baryons? What is the Origin of the Elements? How are the elements and isotopes found in the Universe formed? Where is the site of the r-process of nuclear synthesis? What is the nuclear equation-of-state for neutron stars?

1) Nuclear (not nucleon) Physics is seen as incremental, study of trends, building up systematics evolving theory. Not answering big questions. Not really understood the questions we are asking. PPAN Perception Issues: 2) Nucleon (not nuclear) Physics is seen as picking up old particle physics, tackling issues which particle physics left behind as too complex or less interesting. 3) Link between Facilities, Projects and Physics: Not easy for them to say “at FAIR we will discover X” as “at ATLAS we will discover the Higgs” 4) Impact of a small group of scientists (~60) / criticality of field.

A Possible Strategy…………………. Fundamental Symmetries and Neutrinos What is the nature of the neutrinos, what are their masses, and how have they shaped the evolution of the universe? Why is there now more visible matter than antimatter in the universe? What are the unseen forces that were present at the dawn of the universe but disappeared from view as the universe evolved? A Physics Programme Based on developing areas of present expertise Not: Rationale: In UK particle physics community have already stolen a march, NP community limited numbers not realistic to lead such endeavours.

A Possible Strategy…………………. A. Richter INPC 2004 Building an understanding of the nucleon: QCD o nucleon spin and moments o meson and baryon resonances o Quark Gluon Plasma o Temperature – density phase diagram o Freeze out of the QGP: from “plasma” to baryons Effective Field Theory

A Possible Strategy………………….

A Possible Strategy: Nuclear Astrophysics

What is the Nature of Nuclear Matter? Is QCD the Complete Theory of the Strong Interaction? What is the Origin of the Elements? A Possible Strategy………………….

What is the Nature of Nuclear Matter? What are the limits of nuclear existence? How does the ordering of quantum states change in dilute or neutron-rich matter? Are there new forms of nuclear matter in very loosely bound systems and beyond the limits of stability? How do simple patterns arise in complex nuclei? Are there new symmetries describing nuclei far from stability? Can nuclei be described in terms our understanding of the strong interaction? What is the equation-of-state of nuclear matter? Is QCD the Complete Theory of the Strong Interaction? What is the nature of the quark-quark interaction? What is the structure of the proton and neutron? How do the neutron and proton get their spin? What are the phases of strongly interacting matter? What was the nature of matter an instant after the Big Bang? How do quarks and gluons transform into baryons? What is the Origin of the Elements? How are the elements and isotopes found in the Universe formed? Where is the site of the r-process of nuclear synthesis? What is the nuclear equation-of-state for neutron stars?

Connecting Physics, Facility and Projects

Projects Timelines ~1/3 of Nuclear Physics funding is project based (NUSTAR, AGATA, PANDA) Is profile right? Is balance of programme right? Are travel grants a good thing? Financial Year

What can we do to support theory? Other Strategic Issues How to include Applied Nuclear Science in the Strategy? What to input into the Review? Student Destinations (124) PDRA Destinations (58) Permanent

Birmingham Masters (PTNR) (2 years) [62 students]