Spices Caravel Prince Henry Bartolomeu Dias Vasco da Gama Line of Demarcation Treaty of Tordesillas Challenger to Portugal

 Spices › Most important trade good from the East  Italy  Profited the most from trade with the East after the Crusades

Motives behind European exploration

 Could sail effectively against the wind › Portugal  Leader in developing and applying sailing innovations

 “The Navigator” › Portuguese leader in overseas exploration  Founded a navigation school

 Bartolomeu Dias › Captained the first ship to sail around the tip of Africa  AKA: Cape of Good Hope

 Vasco da Gama › Gained Portugal a sea route between Portugal and India

 Both made exploration claims › Line of Demarcation  Established a boundary between new land each could claim › Treaty of Tordesillas  Purpose  Decrease conflict over claiming of new lands

 Netherlands(Dutch) › Dominated Indian Ocean trade by 1700

Ming Dynasty Qing Dynasty

 Ruled China at the end of the Mongol rule › Hongwu  Son of peasants  Founded the Ming Dynasty › Yonglo  Attempted to expand China’s tribute system  Sponsored voyages of exploration

 Yonglo › Moved the Chinese capital to Beijing  Built the Forbidden City

 Zheng He › Led all seven exploration voyages

 Foreign trade › Only conducted by the government

 Founded in the mid 1600’s by the Manchus  Rulers › Kangxi  Reduced government spending  Lowered taxes  Supported intellectuals by offering government positions › Qian-long

 Dutch › Accepted Chinese restictions  Paid tribute to the emporer  Gifts  “kowtow” ritual

 Manchus › Korea  A vassal state

Daimyo Oda Nobunaga Tokugawa Ieyasu Tokugawa Ieyasu cont…. Christian Missionaries Japan

ChinaJapan

 lords in a new kind of Japanese feudalism

 rule ended the "warring states" period  did not succeed in unifying Japan

 1600 › Finally unified Japan  Used the "alternate attendance policy" to control the daimyo

 Founded the Tokugawa Shogunate › Military government

 Successful › Upset Tokugawa Ieyasu  Feared religious uprising

 Japan remained closed to Europeans for more than 200 years.

China Japan