Commercial TV: Information for profit Media English 2 Fall 2011 Ryukyu Daigaku

History First televisions were developed in the 1930s. Popularity grew in late 1940s, after the war. Early programs mimicked live radio. “Golden era” in 1960s and 1970s. In America, huge audiences for three networks. By mid-1980s, cable TV arrived. More choices = smaller audiences. Definition of “mass” media begins to change.

Economics Radio began in U.S. as a commercial enterprise. Not operated by government but regulated. Private companies insist on profit system. Advertising is foundation of private media. Now in digital world, advertisers are worried about TV’s ability to reach customers.

Early programs They were produced live in studios. More like theater (plays) than movies. Evolved to focus more on social realities during Golden era but sought largest audiences possible. Today, that has changed. Emphasis is on cinematic productions. High quality lighting, cameras, sound. Complicated stories. Tight formulas.

Vitameatavegimen I Love Lucy Year

U.S. vs. Japan TV U.S. Huge markets allow expensive productions. Reality TV series now highly popular: American Idol, Dancing with the Stars, Survivor. Limited public broadcasting on PBS. Comedy: Mostly satire for younger audiences. Japan Fewer expensive dramas. More music and variety. Much more comedy for all ages. NHK sets standards with serious programming.

Most watched Most watched in USA million M*A*S*H, last episode Feb. 28, 1983

BEIJING OLYMPICS OPENING CEREMONIES 984 MILLION MILLION ON CCTV CHINA

Cable & Satellite TV Result of technological improvements. Created new emphasis on capturing smaller, tighter markets – driven by demographics. Age, gender, ethnicity, nationalism. Allowed advertisers to target audiences more carefully. Aimed ads specifically at viewers. Created big new demand for content (shows).

TV’s Effects How we decide How we socialize How we live at home How we see ourselves and others

TV’s Doubtful future Advertisers fear the web and DVRs. Tablets and other screens Apple into the market – new challenge? Mobile TV What happens to traditional TV?

The End Turn off the TV!