The First Americans

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Themes Origins of Native Americans in Western Hemisphere Diversity of lifestyle Changing nature of Indian societies before European contact

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Southwest Eastern Woodlands Mississippian Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Southwest Mesoamerica Pacific Northwest Mississippian Iroquois Location Food Source Dwellings Interesting Facts

Native Americans and Origins Many anthropologists and historians agree humans lived in North American about 35,000 BC How did they arrive…? Bering Land Bridge

Map of Bering Land Bridge

Locations of Selected Native American Peoples, 1500 AD

Farming Access to food = key Agricultural Origins 8000 B.C. Middle East 5000 B.C. Western Hemisphere

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Major Mesoamerican Cultures Aztecs Mayans Incas

Major Mesoamerican Cultures (Aztecs) Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than a city in Europe)

Religion Polytheistic (The worship of many gods) Aztec honored over 200 deities

Aztecs Became dominant power by 1400s Capitals = Tenochtitlan Pop: 300,000 (bigger than an city in Europe) Still expanding their empire in early 1500s

Aztec Agriculture Farming - Irrigation network created fertile cropland and access to fresh water

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Major Southwest Cultures Anasazi Hohokam Mogollon

Southwest Civilization Know for its dry climate but farming was important Chaco Canyon was a center for trade Constructed mud block structure and cities

Southwest Cultures Anasazi culture declined by 12th and 13th centuries as rain levels dropped. Large communities most likely dissolved into smaller tribes and bands Hohokam and Mogollon cultures persist to this day

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Pacific Northwest

Pacific Northwest Bark: used for clothing, baskets, etc. When softened it could be fashioned into diapers for babies Lumber: Canoes, homes (longhouses), etc. Longhouses were very large: 100 x 40 ft

Pacific Northwest - Seafood/Salmon Hunter/gatherers Seafood was the foundation of their diet Fish could be caught in many way Fish were preserved by drying and smoking Key = Abundance Clams, crabs, and other shellfish were eaten Whales were hunted in some areas

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Mississippian

Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis

Cahokia Mounds Covered about 125 sq miles 20,000 residents Built platform mounds Served as temples and homes for chiefs

Mississippian Mississippian culture emerged about 700 AD Cahokia was located near present-day St. Louis After 1200 it entered a period of decline

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Iroquois

Iroquois: A Confederation of Five Separate Tribes Confederation of tribes that number around 10,000 total Mohawks Oneidas Onondagas Cayugas Senecas

Political Structure Council Government Each tribe in confederacy sent delegates/representatives to council meetings

Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses Property was owned communally 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products

Iroquois Society Homes = Longhouses Property was owned communally 25 ft wide Up to 200 ft in length Several families would live in each longhouse Property was owned communally Division of labor between men/women: Men: hunted/fished; warriors Women: farmed and gathered A significant portion of their diet came from farmed products

Women in Iroquois Society Descent was matrilineal; Husband moved into home of wife’s family houses were headed by women Women could divorce their husbands Women selected all delegates to the Iroquois Council and influenced policy

New England

New England Southern New England Northern New England Hunter-gathers: Very Mobile Spring and summer lived near coasts; moved inland for fall and winter to hunt game animals 15,000-20,000 population in 1600 Southern New England Hunted and Farmed (at times up to 2/3 of diet) 55,000-80,000 population in 1600

Farming Methods Fields were cleared by girdling and with fire “Three Sisters” of agriculture Corn, beans, and squash were planted together Corn drew Nitrogen Beans added Nitrogen Farming had a major impact on the environment

Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Introduction Origins Regional Diversity Mesoamerica Western Southwest Pacific Northwest Mississippian Eastern Woodlands Iroquois New England Conclusion Key Terms: Bering Land Bridge Teotihuacan Aztec Anasazi Cahokia Iroquois Hiawatha

Review Origins of Native Americans Tremendous differences among Indian Peoples Compare and contrast life; what ere some important traits of people living in different regions?

Source http://college.cengage.com/history/lecturepoints/part01_lecture01/part01_lecture01.html

Confederacy of Five Tribes in New York Southwest Present day Mexico Longhouses Farmed Mesoamerica Confederacy of Five Tribes in New York Pacific Northwest Built Mound Platforms Near present day St. Louis Mississippian Matrilineal Society Tenochtitlan Iroquois Built Mud Brick Homes Built mud block homes Hunter/Gather - Seafood