AESTHETICS PART FOUR

EDUCATION IN THE ARTS Introduction Key Questions Some effects of art

BERNSTEIN: ON EDUCATION The Problem America’s built-in distrust of the arts In the days of the depression The problem still exists Solution Undercutting the attitudes Education Music Proposal Conclusion

ART, MORALITY & CENSORSHIP Introduction Key questions Arguments for and against censorship Plato LaBossiere Wilde

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS Introduction  Knowledge & Opinion  Argument against relativism (Theatetus)  Relative  Self Refuting  Protagoras  First Problem of the Senses: Change  Changing world  Cannot have certainty  Appear at a specific time  Source of knowledge  Senses cannot be a source of knowledge

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS  Second Problem of the Senses: Definitions  Objects of knowledge must be universal & unchanging  Unchanging definitions are necessary  Language would not work  Perfect Standard Argument  Physical things fall short  Knowledge of something perfect  Knowledge cannot come from senses  Knowledge is Not Right Opinion  Right opinion (true belief) vs. knowledge  True opinion  Account  Rational justification

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS Knowledge is Objective Not obtained by the senses Universal Changeless Based in reason The Forms & Ideas Particulars (tokens) & categories (types) Universal/form Eternal Changeless Perfect

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS Participation Idea The Doctrine of Recollection (Meno) Meno’s Paradox Acquiring knowledge Communing with the forms Forgetting Doctrine of Recollection

PLATO’S DIVIDED LINE Visible World of Opinion: A+B Intelligible World of Knowledge: C+D The Good

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS Plato’s Metaphysics The Forms Real, objective, independent, unchanging Not spatial or temporal Participation problem Change Paradox of Change Heraclitus Parmenides Platonic compromise Particulars: changing, imperfect, object of opinion

PLATO’S EPISTEMOLOGY & METAPHYSICS Particulars Reality comes in degrees The forms are causes of particulars Particulars resemble the forms Particulars participate in the forms in varying degrees The forms group particulars into types, making them intelligible.

PLATO’S ALLEGORY OF THE CAVE

PLATO’S REPUBLIC Introduction Characters Claims Imitation Ideas/Forms Artist The Painter The Three Beds

PLATO’S REPUBLIC Arts & Imitation Makers & Imitators The Painter Knowledge Homer A question must be put to Homer Argument against the claim about Homer The Poet is like a painter

PLATO’S REPUBLIC The Imitator Appearances Three Arts The Imitator Principles Imitation Illusions The rational principle & the inferior principle

PLATO’S REPUBLIC Poetry Goal Imitation & Unity The Good Man The Higher Principle Imitation The Poet Analogy

PLATO’S REPUBLIC The Power to Corrupt The Power of Poetry The Effect of Tragic Poetry The Ridiculous Lust & Anger Homer The Ancient Quarrel The Return of Poetry

LABOSSIERE LIGHTS, CAMERA, BLOOD Introduction Motivation Objectives Background Arguments for Censorship Introduction First Argument: Normalization Second Argument: Curriculum

LABOSSIERE LIGHTS, CAMERA, BLOOD Argument Against Censorship First Argument-Part One: Dilemma First Argument-Part Two: Learning Objection: Other types of works should be censored Reply to Objection: Lessons

LABOSSIERE LIGHTS, CAMERA, BLOOD Concerns Less than satisfying Assumption of moral lesson Limited protection Response First Reply: Plausibility Second Reply: None or sanitized

LABOSSIERE VIRTUAL VIOLENCE & MORAL PURPOSE Plato’s Argument & GTA Plato’s censorship argument Video Games GTA III Violence with a Moral Purpose The difference The difference in Aristotelian terms Conclusion

WILDE PREFACE FROM THE PICTURE OF DORIAN GRAY Wilde Beauty Critcism Morality & Books 19 th Century Morality Artists Arts