Modern Philosophy Part two.

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Presentation transcript:

Modern Philosophy Part two

Baruch Spinoza Background Early years The road to excommunication Lenses & philosophy Works

Spinoza: Goals & Methods Goal: Freedom Ethics Method Foundation Assumptions

Spinoza: Epistemology Truth Necessity Appearance of contingency Ideas Opinion/Imagination Reason Intuition

Spinoza: Metaphysics Substance Defining substance Infinity Defining God Ontological Argument for God’s existence God Argument for one substance Pantheism Is God a Person

Spinoza: Metaphysics Atheist or Mystic Freedom & necessity Labels False Dilemma Freedom & necessity Apparent contradiction Creation & Necessity Two types of events Free Will

Spinoza: Metaphysics Mind-Body problem God’s attributes Mind-Body

Spinoza: Ethics Freedom Overview Method Self Preservation Self-awareness The Mind Comprehensive understanding

Spinoza: Ethics Good & Evil Love & Immortality Self-preservation Intellectual love of God Immortality

Spinoza: Criticism/Impact Conclusion The Wise man Criticism Desirable Coherent Impact 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century

Leibniz: Background German Culture Background for Leibniz Stagnant Early years Professional career Diplomacy Works

Leibniz: Goal & Method Goal Logical Method Unified Logic Method Application of the method Assumptions

Leibniz: Epistemology Innate Ideas Against Locke The Mind Against the empiricists

Leibniz: Epistemology Necessity & Contingency Truths of Reason & Truths of Fact Truths of reason Truths of fact Necessary & contingent truths Deduction

Leibniz: Metaphysics God Proofs for God’s existence Proof of God’s existence by possibility & necessity Perfection Existence Cosmological Argument Two principles Two kinds of truth Sufficient Reason

Leibniz: Metaphysics Problem of Evil Best of All Possible Worlds The best world God’s choice Diversity No Better Possible World Intellectualist view The Problem & Reply The Best Denial of pantheism

Leibniz: Metaphysics Problem of Evil Evil as Privation The question Origin of evil-the ancients Origin of evil-intellectualist view Understanding & necessity Analogy of the Boats Boats The Analogy Defects

Leibniz: Metaphysics Metaphysical Points Problems & Solutions Introduction Problems with Cartesian matter Problems with Spinoza Rejection of materialism Phenomenology Metaphysical Points

Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads Nature of Monads Introduction Minds Perception Continuity The identity of indiscernibles

Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads Windowless Monads Windowless Pre-Established harmony Inner World One World Space & Time Extended Things

Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads Mind-Body Problem Bodies Interaction Teleology & Mechanism Reconciliation Two Realms Freedom & Determinism Freedom Compatibilism

Leibniz: Metaphysics Monads The City of God Souls Why did God create the world? Harmony, reward & punishment Machinery of Justice

Leibniz: Metaphysics Problems & Impact The best of all possible worlds Freedom Collapse to Spinoza Impact Dominant Lost potential Universal, logically perfect language