Theme – Rural Infrastructure and Development Case study - Addressing the issue of drinking water & water pollution Team Members Parth Gupta Shruti Ohja Mullai Muhilan

Animal Husbandry Drinking water & Domestic consumption Waste Disposal Irrigation

Solutions Water tank – Underground water pumped up using solar powered motors from points from within or closer to the pond – Pipe connections to individual dwelling units – Centralized Purification (RO, Chlorine) Irrigation needs – Cleaned rejuvenated pond + recycled water to the extent possible. Waste Disposal – Liquid Waste- separate network of closed surface drains- Sewage treatment Unit- series of four compartments – natural oxidation process which decomposes the organic matter and renders it fit for irrigation/animal husbandry etc.[Punjab, “Technical note on Solid & liquid waste management- GOI+UNICEF] Solid Waste- Collection by Jal Laghu Udyog – community enterprise system involved in waste collection & organic manure production –Inputs: domestic organic matter, organic matter from cattle sheds, sludge from the sewage treatment unit.- Locally produced, consumed.

Solutions

Animal Husbandry- Cattle shed- cement floored- MGNREGA-Water from- pond- pipes/trenches & recycled water- separately – for different uses; Organic content/ waste collected by JLU.

Implementation: Immediate: Cleaning & de-silting of pond, Thorny fence around it. Construction of Separate networks of drains for rain & waste water. DWSD- Studies the water- ground & underground- Quality- polluting content – type, degree etc. Construction – bore well, water tank & pipe connections; sewage treatment pits; Training: Local youth, SHG, women trained in small level repair of motors, sewage plant, solar panels etc.

Institutions: Pani Sabhas/Water management committee: Members – from Gram Panchayat, GP functionaries. Role – primarily- to achieve behavioural changes in the community- awareness creation and overall coordination of construction, operation & maintenance of water tank, sewage treatment plant, auctioning/ selecting the SHG/CE. Jal Laghu Udyog: Community Enterprise Systems – 1.for organic manure production- inputs from within / sale mostly within. They are responsible for collection, segregation of waste which is an input for them and so in built incentive for efficient functioning. 2. Maintenance of pond- Will get share / fishing rights. They may also be allowed to use the pond for active pisciculture.

Sustainability: Financial: SHG/CES model- profit element- inbuilt incentives. Convergence of schemes- MGNREGA, TSC, Health schemes, Waste disposal, Solar, Irrigation, Organic inputs for farming, Animal husbandry, NRLM, PURA, Panchayat funds etc. Social : Universal Public provisioning – free of cost. Clean drinking water has a direct impact on health, education and other social benefits. Once the villagers realise the positive impact of good sanitation on the quality of life, it would lead to a virtuous cycle shifting the intervention from a supply side to a demand driven one Institutional: The system of Pani Sabhas, Jal Laghu Udyogs acts as a safeguard and check against each other and the administration, all formed from the community for further sustainability by acting as effective stakeholders with knowledge of ground and local realities. Such a decentralized system will generate credibility and trust in the people of the village. Technical : The sewage treatment unit is a simple innovation that is easy to handle and operate. It is convenient, efficient and operable by the villagers themselves. The technology used does not require any technical expertise or outside experts to manage it. No handholding is required. Except for initial study, training which is basic.

Risks Demand Supply mismatch : Need Water Usage Budgeting Sustainable profits for the CEs : Organic Farming, Consumption levels? Representative institutions with checks to prevent discriminatory allotment.