EMS1EP Lecture 1 Intro to Arduino Dr. Robert Ross

Overview (what you should learn today) What this subject is all about (assessment, labs, passing) Electronic components: – Switches, LEDs, Resistors, Capacitors, Voltage Regulators, Microcontrollers, The LArduino Development Board

Lecturer Details Dr. Robert Ross B.CS(Hons)/B.EE(Hons), PhD Robotics Field (La Trobe) Office: BG441 Phone: Mr. Tommy Huynh (Lab demonstrator) B.EE(Hons), Currently doing a PhD in Robotics Office: BG417 Phone:

Lectures Outline The project section of the subject has 6 lectures: 1.Intro 2.Digital Inputs 3.Digital Outputs 4.Program Flow + Serial Comms 5.Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) 6.Analog to Digital Conversion (ADC)

Laboratories Outline The project section of this subject has 11 laboratory classes (starting week 2): 1.Solder LArduino PCB 2.Digital Outputs 3.Digital Inputs 4.Debouncing Switches 5.PWM 6.ADC 7-8. Minor Project Major Project

Calendar of classes Lectures for project section of course: – Monday (week 1,3,4,5,6,7) Labs for project – Monday 3-5, Wed 11-1 (Every week starting week 2)

Assessment Outline Assessment for EMS1EP: – 35% Laboratory – 15% Oral Presentation – 50% In-class test and report Of the 35%: – Labs 1-6 are worth 8.3% each – Minor project is worth 15% – Major project is worth 35% (robot) A section of the in-class test will be related to the project section

Video of final project

Multi-disciplined approach Australian Council of Engineering Deans report: – Recommendation 3: Engineering schools must develop best-practice engineering education, promote student learning and deliver intended graduate outcomes. Curriculum will be based on sound pedagogy, embrace concepts of inclusivity and be adaptable to new technologies and inter-disciplinary areas. Valuable to have skills outside your discipline – Project application areas often involve other disciplines

Questions on Assessment?

Electronic Components Electronic components: – Switches – LEDs – Resistors – Capacitors – Voltage Regulators – Microcontrollers

Switches and Buttons Switches and buttons allow users to interact with electronic systems Terms commonly used in place of each other or sometimes together (i.e. push button switch) Purpose is to make and break electrical circuits (shorts out connection)

Typically: Button: – Button makes the electrical circuit only when pressed (e.g. keyboard) Switch: – Switch allows the making of the circuit to be toggled (on/off) (or from one circuit to another) (e.g. light switch Switches and Buttons

LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) LEDs are semiconductor light sources They are diodes (can only be used in one direction) Require 1.6V – 3V to turn on Very bright LEDs are starting to be used for room lighting 2 Legs: – Longer leg goes to positive – Shorter leg goes to ground – At the base of the LED the shorter leg side is flat not round

Resistors Has a specified value of electrical resistance to resist current flow Colour codes used to decode the value of the resistor

Capacitors Stores electrical energy electrostatically in an electric field Lots of different types of capacitors Sometimes polarised (must be connected the correct way around) sometimes not Multiple uses: – Blocking DC voltages – Tuning radio frequencies – Smoothing out power supplies

Voltage Regulators Maintain a constant voltage level Input voltage may vary but output voltage should remain constant (provided input is in correct range) Fixed v’s Adjustable Linear v’s Switched

Microcontrollers Programmable devices which include a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and some other devices (ADC, Timers, ect.) Looks like a silicon chip with lots of pins Microcontrollers often sense data, process the data and then control something using their pins to connect to the outside world

What is an Arduino? Open-source electronics prototyping platform Simple to use software and hardware Software has useful, easy libraries which can be used Hardware based on AVR microcontroller with a bootloader

Why use Arduino? Good libraries – quick to prototype Easy to learn Good for general purpose applications Comparatively cheap prototype

Some Arduino References “Arduino Cookbook”. Michael Margolis, O’Reilly,

SOME ARDUINO PROJECTS

So why doesn‘t everyone use Arduinos? Price Performance Not cross-platform $40 $100+ $1+

LArduino Board Ardunio is open source – anyone is free to create and publish their own hardware versions La Trobe Uni have created the LArduino Specs: – AT-Mega168 Microcontroller – 16MHz Crystal – 4 ADC Pins – 7 Digital Pins (with 5 having PWM options for analog output) – Bootloader: Uno – Program via USB Port – Selectable USB/External power (external 6V)

LArduino Board Microcontroller specs: – 16KB Flash Memory – 1KB RAM – Frequency: 20MHz max – 8-bit CPU – 8 channel, 10bit ADC Around the power of a 286 desktop computer (circa. 1982)

Arduino IDE - Terminology Sketch – A program that you write setup() – Function run once when device started – used for initialisations loop() – Infinite loop function – runs forever Serial monitor Program device Verify (compile code)

Arduino IDE – Setting up Before code is run a few things need to be setup – Tools->Board->”Arduino Uno” – Tools->Serial Port-> What is the Arduino plugged into? Easiest way to determine this is to unplug the arduino and check the available ports Then plug the Arduino in and choose the new port that has appeared Free to download:

Summary (What you learnt in this session) Where your marks will all come from Different electronic components Microcontrollers are small programmable devices we write code for to control things Arduinos are microcontrollers with lots of simple to use high level instructions With microcontrollers we are often controlling the voltage levels on the actual pins between high and low or reading these values