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5 There are three types of emergencies:  Internal  External  Natural disasters

6 Internal emergency factors include:  Medical emergency  Plant and equipment malfunction, collapses, etc.  Fire and/or explosion  Hazardous material spills and leaks  Machinery/equipment misuse  Violence or sabotage

7 External emergency factors include:  Spills and leaks  Transportation accidents  Toxic release  Fire and explosion  Assaults and insurrection  Utility malfunction

8 Natural disasters include:  Fire  Flood  Earthquake

9 Workplace emergency preparation can save lives and money. The aim of a business emergency plan is to:  Reduce the risk of injury to visitors  Reduce the risk of injury to employees  Reduce the risk of injury to the public  Reduce the damage to property  Reduce the damage to the environment

10 The emergency plan should cover:  Fire and explosion  Flood and earthquake  Hazardous materials  Dangerous equipment  Site specific features  External hazards  Criminal activities

11 The plan needs to have detailed emergency response procedures including:  Internal warning  External warning  Official notification  Controlled shutdown  Emergency response  Fire response  ‘All clear’ rules

12 These procedures would need to also include escape and evacuation details:  Emergency escape procedures  Evacuation routes and assignments  A workplace map with evacuation routes  Designated assembly point/s  Ensure adequate exit signs in buildings  Designated evacuation wardens  Procedures for accounting of employees  Defined types of evacuation

13 Details need to be included such as:  Alarm systems  Shutdown procedures  Rescue and medical duties  Preferred means of reporting fires/other emergencies  Emergency duties and responsibilities/chain of command Review the adequacy of current alarm system as well as training to how and what the alarm communicates Written procedures to be followed by employees who remain to perform critical operations before they evacuate Define who and what duties to be performed and ensure CPR/First Aid certifications are in place and current Manual pull-box alarm, public address systems, telephones, two-way radios Designate an emergency response coordinator, emergency response teams (search and rescue, safety officer), public information officer/media communications, trauma coordinator depending on the size and extent of the operation

14 The plan should include the duties of a coordinator such as:  Directing all emergency activities including evacuation  Ensuring outside emergency response authorities are notified  Directing shut-down of plant operations if applicable  Ensuring adequate procedures are developed  Designate other duties, as necessary

15 The plan would also have a listing of emergency contacts:  Adequate posting of individuals and telephone numbers  Emergency Response Authorities (000)  Local fire, police and paramedics  Suicide Prevention  The State Emergency Service  Poison Control

16 There are four steps in developing a plan.  Step 1 - Establish a planning team  Step 2 - Analyse capabilities and hazards  Step 3 - Develop the plan  Step 4 - Implement the plan

17 When establishing training schedules the management and safety representatives need to determine the following:  Who will be trained  What will they be trained in  Who will perform the training  Will the training be in house, external or a combination of both  The type of training activity

18 Legislation, regulations and standards require employers to provide :  Proper exits  Fire fighting equipment  Emergency plans  Employee training to prevent fire deaths and injuries

19 Employees expected or anticipated to use fire extinguishers must be:  Instructed on the hazards of fighting fire  How to properly operate the available fire extinguishers  What procedures to follow in alerting others  Trained in proper evacuation techniques

20 The emergency evacuation action plan must:  Describe the routes and procedures employees should follow  Detail procedures for accounting for all evacuated persons  Have a written plan available for employees review  Have special procedures for helping those physically impaired  Include procedures for employees shutting down equipment  Detail which alarm system will be used to alert employees

21 Workplace fire ignition sources include:  Smoking  Welding  Burners  Heat exchangers  Boilers  Ovens  Stoves

22 There are a number of types of portable fire extinguishers available in Australia including:  Water  CO2  Foam  Dry chemical or powder  Wet chemical  Vaporising liquid

23 Other types of fire fighting equipment include:  Hose and reels  Sprinkler systems  Fire suppression  Fire blankets

24 If you do decide to fight the fire with an extinguisher follow these basic steps:  Pull the extinguisher pin  Aim the nozzle at the base of the fire  Squeeze the handle to release the extinguishing agent  Sweep the extinguisher from side to side

Included in a WHS program should be the procedures in dealing with medical emergencies. These should include:  Location and availability of external medical facilities  Type of internal first aid including kits  The level of first aid training employees should receive  Which employees should be trained in first aid  Types of accidents that could reasonably occur  Number and location of workers on the site  Industry or government requirements 25

26 Laws and regulations require detailed reports to be submitted following an accident or dangerous occurrence in a workplace. Any accident incident report would provide:  Identifying information  What happened  Cause of accident

27 Types of reportable accident incidents include:  A death  A serious injury  An employee absent for an extend period due to injury  A work-related disease  A dangerous occurrence  Injury to a third party (member of the public)

‘Preventive actions’ refer to any actions that prevent any accidents, dangerous incidents, etc. ‘Corrective actions’ refer to actions that are undertaken to prevent a ‘repeat’ occurrence of any accidents, dangerous incidents, etc. ‘Non-conformance’ is when WHS policies, laws or regulations have not been followed and resulted in an accident incident. 28

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