November 8-12, 2013 November 8-12, 2013 Objective: Students will analyze the origins of the French Revolution through text, video and written responses. Objective: Students will analyze the origins of the French Revolution through text, video and written responses. Warm-Up: Using the “During the Enlightenment” text, create a word summary. Warm-Up: Using the “During the Enlightenment” text, create a word summary. The French Revolution

Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

The Feudal System French society was divided into three "estates”: The First Estate was the Church. The First Estate was the Church. The S was the nobility (titles without privileges). The Second Estate was the nobility (titles without privileges). The T was the commoners. The Third Estate was the commoners.

France’s Absolute Monarch: King Louis XVI Queen Marie Antoinette Queen Marie Antoinette –spent huge amounts of money on fashion. –“Let them eat cake” about the populace when bread was scarce.

The Palace of Versailles The King and Queen of France lived in luxury and splendor at the magnificent Palace of Versailles outside of Paris. The King and Queen of France lived in luxury and splendor at the magnificent Palace of Versailles outside of Paris.

The Financial Crisis The government of France was bankrupt and facing a serious financial crisis resulting from: The government of France was bankrupt and facing a serious financial crisis resulting from: * inefficiency and overspending. * inefficiency and overspending. * an unfair tax structure that placed the * an unfair tax structure that placed the burden of taxes on those least able to burden of taxes on those least able to pay, the Third Estate. pay, the Third Estate.

Where is the Money?

Calling the Estates General Well, the King attempted to solve the financial crisis by removing some of the nobility’s tax exemptions. Well, the King attempted to solve the financial crisis by removing some of the nobility’s tax exemptions. However, the nobility thought they were entitled to all these exemptions. However, the nobility thought they were entitled to all these exemptions. So, in 1788, the King was forced to call a meeting of the Estates General to address the financial crisis. So, in 1788, the King was forced to call a meeting of the Estates General to address the financial crisis.

The meeting of the Estates General May 5, 1789

To Vote by Head or by Order The delegates from the Third Estate insisted that all votes be taken by head, rather than by order (estate). The delegates from the Third Estate insisted that all votes be taken by head, rather than by order (estate). Since there were far more delegates from the Third Estate than the First or Second, this plan would give them a majority. Since there were far more delegates from the Third Estate than the First or Second, this plan would give them a majority. The King refused to grant their request and the Third Estate refused to budge. The King refused to grant their request and the Third Estate refused to budge.

The Revolution Begins The Third Estate, led by a man named left the meeting in protest. The Third Estate, led by a man named Maximilien Robespierre, left the meeting in protest. This group met together in a nearby tennis court and called themselves the National Assembly. This group met together in a nearby tennis court and called themselves the National Assembly.

“Let us swear to God and our country that we will not disperse until we have established a sound and just constitution, as instructed by those who nominated us.” -M. Mounier “Let us swear to God and our country that we will not disperse until we have established a sound and just constitution, as instructed by those who nominated us.” -M. Mounier

The Tennis Court Oath The delegates agreed to this oath. The delegates agreed to this oath. Known as the ‘Tennis Court Oath’, it read, Known as the ‘Tennis Court Oath’, it read, "The National Assembly, considering that it has been summoned to establish the constitution of the kingdom... decrees that all members of this assembly shall immediately take a solemn oath not to separate... until the constitution of the kingdom is established on firm foundations...“. June 20, 1789 June 20, 1789

The Tennis Court Oath by Jacques Louis David

Third Estate Triumphs The King was unwilling to use force against the National Assembly and eventually ordered the First and Second Estates to join the new National Assembly. The King was unwilling to use force against the National Assembly and eventually ordered the First and Second Estates to join the new National Assembly. The Third Estate had won. The Third Estate had won.

The National Assembly The New National Assembly created the historic and influential document, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. The New National Assembly created the historic and influential document, The Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. “Men are born free and equal in their rights.... these rights are liberty, property, security and resistance to oppression.”

The Revolution Gains Momentum Back in Paris, conditions for the masses were not good. Back in Paris, conditions for the masses were not good. –Food was expensive and in short supply. –Rumors circulated that the King and Queen were responsible. French troops responded by marching to the capital. French troops responded by marching to the capital. –People believed that the King intended to use military force against the people.

The Storming of the Bastille On July 14, 1789, mobs stormed the Bastille, a fortress in Paris, to steal guns and ammunition. On July 14, 1789, mobs stormed the Bastille, a fortress in Paris, to steal guns and ammunition. Attempts were made to defend the fort but no guard was left alive. Attempts were made to defend the fort but no guard was left alive.

Originally a fortress, Bastille was now a prison.

The Fall of the Bastille

Shortly thereafter, a new constitution was created. On August , the Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. Bastille Day is still celebrated as France’s Independence Day.

“The French Revolution” text Prelude to revolution Prelude to revolution Political changes Political changes Citizen impact Citizen impact Reaction to revolution Reaction to revolution

works cited Adapted from Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution by Jennifer Brainard. See Adapted from Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité: The French Revolution by Jennifer Brainard. See