1. A high protective tariff passed by Congress is meant to do what? A. Promote trade B. Limit industry jobs C. Encourage US industry D. Expand foreign alliances 2. The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions were based on which idea? A. Nullification by the States B. Nullification by Supreme Court C. Judicial Review D. Laissez-faire 3.What was the effect of the Supreme Court decisions under Chief Justice John Marshall? A.Powers of federal government grew B.Powers of states grew C.Powers of president were restricted D.Slavery was abolished

What every student should know to pass the U.S. History Final. Units 1 – 3

 The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic.

 Who could vote?  White males who owned property.  Who could not vote?  White males who did not own property  Women  African-Americans  Native Americans

 Farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey. The army put down the rebellion.  The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.

 Would not seek a third term  Warned against competing political parties  Warned against complicated entanglements of Europe

 Democratic Republicans  Led by Thomas Jefferson  Thought states should have more power  Wanted to base economy on farming  Were pro-French  Supported a strict construction of the Constitution  Federalists  Led by Alexander Hamilton  Favored a strong central government  Wanted to base economy on industry and trade  Were pro-British  Supported a loose construction of the Constitution

 Delegates were sent to France to meet with French foreign minister Talleyrand.  The American delegates were told they could meet with Talleyrand only in exchange for a large bribe. They did not pay the bribe.

 Laws designed by Federalists to limit the power of the Democrat-Republicans  Make it harder for Immigrants to become citizens  The Sedition Act made it illegal to publish defamatory statements about the federal government. It was an attempt to silence opposition.  The Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions, which established the concept of "nullification" of federal laws were written in response to the Acts.

 The case arose out of Jefferson's refusal to deliver the commissions to the judges appointed by Adams' Midnight Appointments.  This case established the Supreme Court's right to judicial review.

 The U.S. purchased the land from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains from France for $15 million.  Jefferson was interested in the territory because it was valuable for trade and shipping and provided room to expand.  The Constitution did not give the federal government the power to buy land, so Jefferson used loose construction to justify the purchase.

 The learner will assess the competing forces of expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.

 The cotton gin was a machine which could separate cotton from its seeds. Whitney’s invention made cotton a profitable crop. It also reinforced slavery in the economy of the South.

 Admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. Declared that all territory north of 36°30" would become free states, and all territory south of that latitude would become slave states.

 Declared that Europe should not interfere in the Western Hemisphere and any interference by a European power would be seen as a threat to the U.S.  Mostly just a show of nationalism, the doctrine had no major impact until the late 1800s.

 Tariff of 1828 raised the tariff on imported manufactured goods. It protected the North but harmed the South; South said that the tariff was unconstitutional because it violated state's rights.

 During the winter, troops evicted the Cherokee tribe from their homes in Georgia and moved them to Oklahoma. Many died on the trail. The journey became known as the "Trail of Tears".

 In the 1820s, a group of American painters, painted landscapes.

 An anti-foreign feeling that arose in the 1840's and 1850's in response to the influx of Irish and German Catholics.

 In the 1800's, women were not allowed to be involved in politics or own property, had little legal status and rarely held jobs.  The women's movement was often overshadowed by the anti- slavery movement. Men who had been working with the women's movement worked for the abolition of slavery once it became a major issue.

 Clay helped heal the North/South rift by aiding passage of the Compromise of 1850, which served to delay the Civil War.

 The learner will analyze the issues that led to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation.

 Admitted California as a free state  Organized Utah and N.M. without restrictions on slavery  Adjusted the Texas/N.M. border  Abolished slave trade in D.C.  Established tougher fugitive slave laws.  Its passage was hailed as a solution to the threat of national division.

 This act repealed the Missouri Compromise. Popular sovereignty (vote of the people) would determine whether Kansas and Nebraska would be slave or free states.

 A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in free land had made him a free man. The U.S. Supreme Court decided he could not sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen.

 After Lincoln was elected, seven Southern states seceded. They cited as their reason for seceding the election of a President “whose opinions and purposes are hostile to slavery.”

 Lincoln freed all slaves in states that had seceded. Lincoln had no power to enforce the law.

 90,000 soldiers under Meade vs. 76,000 under Lee, lasted three days and the North won. Considered a turning point of the Civil War.

 13 th - Freed all slaves, abolished slavery.  14 th - It granted full citizenship to all native-born or naturalized Americans, including former slaves and immigrants. No state shall deny a person life, liberty, or property without due process of law.  15 th - No one could be denied the right to vote on account of race, color or having been a slave. It was to prevent states from amending their constitutions to deny black suffrage.

 Presidential Plans  Lincoln offered the “Ten Percent Plan.”  Johnson’s plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but required wealthy planters to request pardons and did not support voting rights for African- Americans.  Congressional Plan  “Radical Republicans” passed the Wade-Davis Bill. Lincoln pocket vetoed the bill.  Established Freedmen’s Bureau and passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866.

 Prohibited abridgement of rights of blacks or any other citizens.

 Hayes promised to show concern for Southern interests and end Reconstruction in exchange for the Democrats accepting the fraudulent election results. He took Union troops out of the South.