Findings on the skin doc. MUDr Jitka Zelenková, CSc

The skin is rosy, warm and elastic,having no continuity defects. Assesment of findings: Colour, moisture, temperature, turgor, presence of pathological affections, bleeding manifestation and oedemas

Color pale red cyanosis (bluish color) central peripheral

yellow jaundice xanthosis brown grey-brown albinism

Moisture  enhanced  reduced Temperature depends on the blood supply condition of the skin  local low  local high

Skin affections macula papule vesicula pustule

Scarlet fever (scarlatina) Measles (morbilli) Chickenpox (varicella) Schingles (herpes zoster) Allergic exanthemas

Quincke s oedema Erythema nodosum „Butherfly exanthema“ Osler nodes Xanthelasma Xanthoma (tuberosum) Spider angioma

Bleeding manifestations (haemorrhagic diatheses) petechiae purpura haematomas

Scars postoperative keloid post- injury

Trophic changes arise from vascular (ischaemic) and inervation disorders bedsores (decubitus) shank ulcers

Turgor depends on skin hydration the subcutis and its structure lowerd

Oedemas are caused by an accumulation of extracellular fluid in interstitium local inflammatory venostatic lymphoedemas allergic

systemic cardiac renal hepatic hypoproteinaemic myxoedemas

Hair has typical appearance and position depending on the sex thin stronger and denser (hypertrichosis, hirsutism) alopecia

Nails are generaly strong, smooth, resistant and of distinctive appearance and color fragile and fraying nails spoon-shape bent spherical „white“ deformed