Prof. John Toohey-Morales, CBM, CCM Temperature (REVIEW) Prof. John Toohey-Morales, CBM, CCM St. Thomas University Miami Gardens, Florida

If tonight's temperature is going to drop into the middle 20s (oF) and a fairly stiff wind is predicted, probably the best way to protect an orchard against a hard freeze is to (assume that cost is not a factor) a. use helicopters. b. use wind machines. c. sprinkle the crops with water. d. put orchard heaters to work. e. pray for clouds.

If tonight's temperature is going to drop into the middle 20s (oF) and a fairly stiff wind is predicted, probably the best way to protect an orchard against a hard freeze is to (assume that cost is not a factor) a. use helicopters. b. use wind machines. c. sprinkle the crops with water. d. put orchard heaters to work. e. pray for clouds.

A radiation inversion is most commonly observed a. when it is raining. b. during the afternoon. c. at sunset. d. just above the ground. e. in the upper atmosphere. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

A radiation inversion is most commonly observed a. when it is raining. b. during the afternoon. c. at sunset. d. just above the ground. e. in the upper atmosphere. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

a. about the same as predicted, but will occur earlier in the night. Assuming that the night will remain clear, calm, and unsaturated, the predicted minimum temperature is 32 F. Suddenly the wind speed increases and remains gusty throughout the night. The minimum temperature will most likely be a. about the same as predicted, but will occur earlier in the night. b. higher than predicted due to the release of latent heat. c. much lower than predicted due to radiational cooling. d. higher than predicted due to mixing. e. lower than predicted due to forced convection. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

a. about the same as predicted, but will occur earlier in the night. Assuming that the night will remain clear, calm, and unsaturated, the predicted minimum temperature is 32 F. Suddenly the wind speed increases and remains gusty throughout the night. The minimum temperature will most likely be a. about the same as predicted, but will occur earlier in the night. b. higher than predicted due to the release of latent heat. c. much lower than predicted due to radiational cooling. d. higher than predicted due to mixing. e. lower than predicted due to forced convection. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

b. the thermometer was in error. Suppose yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the minimum temperature reported in the newspaper was only 35 F. The most likely reason for this apparent discrepancy is that a. temperature readings are taken in instrument shelters more than 5 feet above the ground. b. the thermometer was in error. c. the newspaper reported the wrong temperature. d. the thermometer was read before the minimum temperature was reached for that day. e. the thermometer was read incorrectly. - Percentage of N2 & O2 constant. There’s a balance between destruction & production of these gases at the surface. Give examples. - Note variable gases, especially H2O.

b. the thermometer was in error. Suppose yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the minimum temperature reported in the newspaper was only 35 F. The most likely reason for this apparent discrepancy is that a. temperature readings are taken in instrument shelters more than 5 feet above the ground. b. the thermometer was in error. c. the newspaper reported the wrong temperature. d. the thermometer was read before the minimum temperature was reached for that day. e. the thermometer was read incorrectly. - Percentage of N2 & O2 constant. There’s a balance between destruction & production of these gases at the surface. Give examples. - Note variable gases, especially H2O.

Which of the following is generally true at night? a. the earth does not emit any energy b. the earth emits and absorbs energy at equal rates c. the earth emits more energy than it absorbs d. the earth does not absorb any energy DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

Which of the following is generally true at night? a. the earth does not emit any energy b. the earth emits and absorbs energy at equal rates c. the earth emits more energy than it absorbs d. the earth does not absorb any energy DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

The greatest variation in daily temperature usually occurs a. at the ground. b. about 5 feet above the ground. c. at the top of a high-rise apartment complex. d. at the level where thermals stop rising. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

The greatest variation in daily temperature usually occurs a. at the ground. b. about 5 feet above the ground. c. at the top of a high-rise apartment complex. d. at the level where thermals stop rising. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

TRUE OR FALSE: On a windy day, you would expect to record warmer daytime and warmer nighttime temperatures than on a day with calm winds. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

TRUE OR FALSE: On a windy day, you would expect to record warmer daytime and warmer nighttime temperatures than on a day with calm winds. DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

In a radiation inversion is the air next to the ground COLDER or WARMER than the air higher up? (circle one answer) DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth

In a radiation inversion is the air next to the ground COLDER or WARMER than the air higher up? (circle one answer) DEMONSTRATION Greenhouse Effect: Absorbing (like glass) a portion of the outgoing radiant energy from Earth