Classical Civilizations Classical Greece Rome Byzantine Empire and Russia

Essential Questions How did the location of the Minoan and Mycenaean peoples shape their civilizations? How did war and democracy shape societies in Ancient Greece?

Vocabulary Polis Acropolis Agora Helots Hoplites Hubris Democracy Solon Tyrant Cleisthenes Direct Democracy Archon Phalanx Pericles

Polis City-State Basic Political Unit of Greece

Acropolis High area of the city Usually housed the temple to the gods

Agora Public places in the city such as the marketplace

Helots Slaves of the state in Sparta

Hoplites Foot soldiers in the Army of Sparta

Hubris Great Pride of Heroes in Greek Myths Often brought them to their end as a lesson to other Greeks not to overstretch their abilities

Democracy Government of Athens where government was run by the people

Solon Allowed all of the men of Athens to participate in the Assembly as members of juries Only the wealthy could be elected to office

Tyrant Strong man that seizes power by force

Cleisthenes Reformed the government of Athens by dividing it into 10 districts that elected representatives

Direct Democracy All citizens vote directly on an issue

Archon Elected Official that served as the Chief of State of Athens for a period of one year

Phalanx Tight rectangle formation of troops

Pericles Most influential leader of Athens for many years

Map of Ancient Greece Ionian Sea Aegean Sea Black Sea Sparta Messene Argos Olympia Peloponnesus Corinth Megara Athens Delphi Thebes Delos Macedonia Knossos Sardis Ephesus Byzantium

Early Greece Location Government Ruler Minos Mycenaea Corinth Athens What were the gods of Greek Mythology like? Why did the Ancient Greeks create myths? Why did the Greeks create stories about heroes?

The Classical Age Rulers Problems Solutions Draco Solon Peisistratus Cleisthenes

Quiz 1 Pick 5 Polis Acropolis Agora Helots Hoplites Hubris Democracy Solon Tyrant Cleisthenes Direct Democracy Archon Phalanx Pericles

Essential Questions What were the major achievements in philosophy, literature, art and architecture of the Classical Age of Ancient Greece? What were the achievements and legacy of Alexander the Great

Socrates First of the Great Athenian philosophers

Plato Student of Socrates Left behind a series of writings

Aristotle Student of the Academy Concerned with the nature of the world around him

Reason Clear and ordered thinking

Logic The process of making inferences

Homer Wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey

Lyric Poem Poems that deal with emotions and desires

Herodotus First major writer of Greek history

Thucydides Wrote about the Peloponnesian Wars

Alexander the Great King of Macedonia Built the largest Empire in the world up to that point

Hellenistic Greek like civilization Spread of culture across the empire of Alexander the Great

Euclid Formulated many of the ideas we have about Geometry today

Eratosthenes Calculated the circumference of the globe

Archimedes Developed a compound pulley system and the lever

Quiz Choose 5 Socrates Plato Aristotle Reason/Logic Homer Herodotus Thucydides Alexander the Great Hellenistic

Ancient Rome Essential Questions: How did Rome grow from a small town to the center of an empire spanning the entire Mediterranean area? What led to the end of the Roman Republic and the creation of a new form of government? What social and cultural factors influenced life in Rome, and what was the cultural legacy of Rome?

Map of Rome (Page 175) Mediterranean Sea Black Sea Atlantic Ocean Spain Gaul Britain Greece Africa Egypt Carthage Rome Roman Republic 100BC Republic at Caesar’s death Empire at Augustus Death Empire 117AD

Republic A new type of government where elected officials governed the state

Patrician Heads of the Aristocratic families of Rome

Plebeians Common people of Rome

Veto To ban a law that seemed unjust or harmful to the plebeians

Forum The central square of Rome where the Twelve Tables of law were posted

Constitution Political structure of the Roman Republic

Senate Body of 300 members that advised elected officials, controlled public finances and handled all foreign policy decisions

Consuls Two magistrates elected to 1 year terms as Chief Executive and Commanders of the Army

Dictator An office holder that was given unlimited power in times of crisis in Rome Only 6 months

Quiz Choose 5 Republic Patricians Plebeians Veto Forum Constitution Senate Consuls Dictator Punic wars Scipio Hannibal

Gracchi Two reform minded brothers who served as tribunes around 133 BC

Gaius Marius Improved recruitment in the armies by allowing poor people to join

Lucius Cornelius Sulla Consul of Rome in 88 BC Led his army into Rome sparking a Civil War

Julius Caesar Helped bring an end to the republic Defeated Pompey to become dictator for life

Triumvirate Rule of thee men 1st triumvirate- Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompey, Licinius Crassus 2nd triumvirate- Marc Anthony, Octavian, Lepidus Triumvirate

Augustus Octavian’s name after he was named the head of state of Rome

Pax Romana Period of stable government, strong legal system, widespread trade and peace in Rome

Vocabulary Villa Circuses Paterfamilias Augurs Galen Ptolemy Aqueducts Latin Civil Law

Villa Country home for the wealthy

Circuses Place where Chariot races took place

Paterfamilias The head of the family was the family father

Augurs Priests who interpreted the signs from the gods

Galen Roman physician that wrote medical volumes summarizing the medical knowledge of the day

Ptolemy Recorded information and knowledge of astrnomy

Aqueducts Man made channels used to bring water to the cities.

Latin The language of Rome

Civil Law Form of law based upon a formal written code of laws

Fall of Rome/Byzantine Empire Essential Questions: What led to the weakening and eventual collapse of the Roman Empire in the west? How did the eastern half of the Roman Empire maintain its strength for centuries after the west half of the empire declined?

Inflation Dramatic rise in prices

Diocletian Changed the empire into and absolute monarchy Divided the empire into two parts/ eastern and western Rome

Attila The leader of the Huns Attacked Rome around 450 AD

Byzantine Empire Eastern Roman Empire Constantinople was the capital

Justinian I Emperor of the Byzantine Empire from 527 to 565 AD

Theodora Wife of Justinian I Served as co-ruler of the empire

Belisarius Top General of Justinian I Recaptured North Africa and parts of Italy for the Roman Empire

Mosaics Pictures created using colored tiles of glass, stone or clay

Icons Painting or sculptures of sacred figures

Clergy Church Officials

Orthodox Church Eastern Roman Church

Rus Northern Europeans that helped the Slavs

Yaroslav the Wise Grand Prince of Kiev from 1019-1054

Cyril and Methodius Monks also brothers sent to convert the Slavs to Christianity

Cyrillic Alphabet Written Slavonic language

Vladimir I Was baptized a Christian and became the Grand Duke of Kiev Made Christianity the official state religion of Kievan Russia

Alexander Nevsky Alexander Prince of Novgorod led Russian armies vs. invasion from the North and West Hero of early Russia