Lesson 17 Tenses of ‘To Be’ Tenses of ‘To Be’AND Infinitive Used as Subject and Object

Principal Parts of ‘To Be’ Sum, esse, fui, futurus 1 st 3 of the 4 Principal Parts - 1 st person singular (present), infinitive, 1 st person singular, perfect tense Stems How do we form the stem of the verb in present tense? To form the perfect stem: drop –i from 3 rd part

Learning Targets Recognize and know the future and perfect tense forms of the irregular verb meaning ‘to be’ Recognize and know the future and perfect tense forms of the irregular verb meaning ‘to be’ Gain an understanding of how the infinitive form of a verb can be used in a sentence. Gain an understanding of how the infinitive form of a verb can be used in a sentence. Be able to translate a sentence using a ‘verbal noun’. Be able to translate a sentence using a ‘verbal noun’.

Present tense of ‘to be’ Sum Sum ? ? Sumus Sumus ? ?

Future of ‘To Be’ Hint – we use the word w I ll when we talk about doing something in the future. The letter I is a key to remembering the future tense. Hint – we use the word w I ll when we talk about doing something in the future. The letter I is a key to remembering the future tense. eroerimus eriseritis eriterunt

Perfect of ‘To Be’ sum, esse, fui, futurus fuifuimus fuistifuistis fuitfuerunt

Infinitive Used as Subject Which principal part of the verb is the infinitive? Which principal part of the verb is the infinitive? The infinitive can be considered a ‘verbal noun’ (the form of a verb that can be used as a noun) The infinitive can be considered a ‘verbal noun’ (the form of a verb that can be used as a noun) The infinitive, being a ‘verbal noun’ can be used as the subject of a sentence. The infinitive, being a ‘verbal noun’ can be used as the subject of a sentence. Ex. Errare est humanum (‘To err’ is human) Ex. Errare est humanum (‘To err’ is human) NOTE – the infinitive is not declined and is ALWAYS neuter (so any adjectives would be neuter as well). NOTE – the infinitive is not declined and is ALWAYS neuter (so any adjectives would be neuter as well).

Predicate Nominative What is a predicate nominative? Give examples. What is a predicate nominative? Give examples. To have a predicate nominative in a sentence, what kind of verb must be used? To have a predicate nominative in a sentence, what kind of verb must be used? The infinitive, being a verbal noun, can be a predicate nominative. The infinitive, being a verbal noun, can be a predicate nominative. Anything that can be the subject can be a predicate nominative. Anything that can be the subject can be a predicate nominative. Ex. To see is to believe – what is the subject? What is the predicate nominative? Ex. To see is to believe – what is the subject? What is the predicate nominative?

Infinitive Used as Direct Object The infinitive can be used as a direct object (since it is, after all, a ‘verbal noun’). Again, it is not declined, so you do not add the accusative case endings. The infinitive can be used as a direct object (since it is, after all, a ‘verbal noun’). Again, it is not declined, so you do not add the accusative case endings. Ex. – She wants ‘to go’ to the mall. Ex. – She wants ‘to go’ to the mall. Servos liberare parat. (He prepares ‘to free’ the slaves). Servos liberare parat. (He prepares ‘to free’ the slaves).

Objects of the ‘Verbal Nouns” Servos liberare parat. Servos liberare parat. Being a ‘verbal noun’, the infinitive can also have an object; what word is the object of the infinitive in the above sentence? Being a ‘verbal noun’, the infinitive can also have an object; what word is the object of the infinitive in the above sentence? Another example: Amicos habere est gratum. (To have friends is pleasing). What is the direct object of the infinitive? Another example: Amicos habere est gratum. (To have friends is pleasing). What is the direct object of the infinitive?