Economy and Government of SW Asia Chapter 13 Lessons 1-3

The Power of Oil OPEC –Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries –Includes both Arab and non-Arab countries OPEC’s Goal: –To control oil prices by limiting petroleum

The Power of Oil-cont. Success of OPEC –For a time prices soared Failures of OPEC –Organization did not have absolute control over oil market –Countries seeking oil looked elsewhere for supply –Countries looked for alternative forms of energy and ways to conserve energy –Some OPEC members abandoned efforts because they needed the money from the sale of their oil

Arab-Israeli Conflicts Arab nationalists competed with Jewish nationalists over land ownership –Arab nationalist: Arab speaking people who wanted to unite into a single country –Zionists: Jewish nationalist who wanted a Jewish state in Palestine (homeland of ancient Hebrews)

Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. Massive numbers of survivors of Holocaust moved to Palestine at the end of WWII Arabs living in Palestine did not want the Jews there

Arab-Israeli Conflicts-cont. Jews proclaimed the state of Israel in 1948 –Arab nations attacked –Israel won all 4 wars fought –Israel took the lands of Palestinians and forced them into refugee camps –Conflict remains today

Iran Shah modernized Iran –Introduced Western technology –Tried to make Iran a secular state –Promoted Iranian nationalism –Forced Iranians to wear Western style clothing –Banned veil –Urged men and women to appear in public together

Iran-cont. Disapproval of Shah’s policies –Many people angered that Shah used iron- hand to rule –Many people angered by government’s corruption –Shiite leaders blamed social problems on Shah’s western secular policies

Iran’s Islamic Revolution Islamization: the creation of governments based on conservative Islamic traditions –Demand strict moral code and religious observance Ayatollah Khomeini –Leader of Islamic Revolution –Opposed Shah and Western policies

Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law –Created a theocracy (government that claims to rule with divine authority) –Wrote new law code based on Shariah and Quran

Iran’s Islamic Revolution-cont. Ayatollah Khomeini changed Iranian law –Banned Western movies, music, and other western influences seen as corrupt or evil –Forced women to wear chador, head to foot covering –Forbid women to attend school with men

Middle Eastern Nations Most established after WWII Most established from lands colonized by United Kingdom and France

Vocabulary Socialism: system that gives government ownership of at least some economic enterprises Mixed economies: combination of government ownership and private ownership Arab nationalism: Arab speaking people uniting into a single nation

Vocabulary-cont. Zionists: Jewish nationalist who desired a Jewish state Theocracy: government that claims to rule with divine authority