Mid-Term Review For each statement, write true or false If the answer is false, write WHY it is false

1 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes store hereditary information (also known as DNA)

2 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes have organelles that help control cell processes

3 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the process of cellular respiration to release energy

4 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes move

5 Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes

6 Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes because they don’t have a nucleus or organelles

7 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have a nucleus

8 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes

9 All prokaryotes and all eukaryotes have a cell wall

10 The four types of macromolecules are water, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

11 The reason carbon is an ideal central element for macromolecules is that it can form large, diverse molecules

12 Enzymes are an example of a carbohydrate

13 Carbohydrates store information

14 Carbohydrates store energy for short-term use

15 Carbohydrates store energy for long-term use

16 The role of an enzyme is to speed up a chemical reaction

17 Enzymes provide energy for reactions

18 pH and temperature can affect enzymes by changing the enzyme’s shape

19 If you were measuring the volume of a liquid, you would use units like meter or millimeter

20 Photosynthesis occurs in plants and animals

21 Cellular respiration occurs in plants and animals

22 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both transform energy

23 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require light energy

24 When proteins need energy to move something across the membrane, they use ADP as an energy source

25 When molecules like carbon dioxide or oxygen move across a cell membrane, this is called osmosis

26 When molecules move freely across a cell membrane, that is because there is a concentration gradient or difference in concentrations

27 When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell

28 The rough endoplasmic reticulum makes nucleic acids

29 Old cell materials are broken down by enzymes stored inside of lysosomes

30 The golgi body packages proteins into vesicles

31 The rough endoplasmic reticulum helps to determine which proteins to synthesize

32 Sweating is an example of homeostasis

33 Every hypothesis must be able to be tested using research or experiments

34 Every hypothesis should test multiple variables

35 All living things move

36 All living things breathe in oxygen

37 All living things are made of many cells

38 All living things use energy

39 A neutral solution has a pH of 10

40 Basic solutions have a pH of less than 7

41 Water is an acid

42 Water is a non-polar molecule

43 Water has a low heat capacity

44 Water is both cohesive (sticks to other water molecules) and adhesive (sticks to different molecules)

45 In a chemical reaction, the materials that enter a reaction are called products

46 Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast

47 Animal cells have chloroplasts

48 The part of a cell that controls the cell’s activities is called the nucleus

49 Energy is released when ADP is converted to ATP

50 Cells are the basic unit of life

51 Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide and water

52 During photosynthesis, plants absorb oxygen and produce carbon dioxide

53 Proteins are long chains of amino acids

54 Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen

55 Photosynthesis requires light

56 Even if plants aren’t in the light, they still use the process of photosynthesis

57 If a hypothesis is rejected, that means it was not correct.

58 Aquatic plants use photosynthesis just like plants that live on land

59 Snails do not use oxygen for cellular respiration because they live under water

60 In an experiment, the variable that is different for each experimental group is called the independent variable

Answer Key Check your answers on your notebook paper Really THINK about why you got a question wrong and what you need to do to correct your understanding

1 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes store hereditary information (also known as DNA) TRUE

2 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes have organelles that help control cell processes False Prokaryotes don’t have organelles (like the golgi or endoplasmic reticulum)

3 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes use the process of cellular respiration to release energy False Some organisms use fermentation.

4 All prokaryotes and eukaryotes move False Movement is not a characteristic that all living things share

5 Bacteria are an example of prokaryotes True

6 Prokaryotes are smaller than eukaryotes because they don’t have a nucleus or organelles True

7 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have a nucleus False The DNA of prokaryotic cells isn’t contained in a nucleus- they don’t have one

8 Prokaryotes and eukaryotes both have cell membranes True

9 All prokaryotes and all eukaryotes have a cell wall False All prokaryotes have a cell wall Not all eukaryotes have a cell wall Plants do Animals don’t

10 The four types of macromolecules are water, carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids False The four types of macromolecules are Proteins Lipids Nucleic acids carbohydrates

11 The reason carbon is an ideal central element for macromolecules is that it can form large, diverse molecules True

12 Enzymes are an example of a carbohydrate False Enzymes are proteins

13 Carbohydrates store information False Nucleic acids store information

14 Carbohydrates store energy for short-term use True

15 Carbohydrates store energy for long-term use False Lipids are the long-term energy storage molecule

16 The role of an enzyme is to speed up a chemical reaction True

17 Enzymes provide energy for reaction False Enzymes don’t provide energy They bring reactants together so that the reaction doesn’t require as much energy to begin with This is known as “lowering the activation energy”

18 pH and temperature can affect enzymes by changing the enzymes shape True

19 If you were measuring the volume of a liquid, you would use units like meter or millimeter False Meter and millimeter measure distance For volume, you’d use liter, milliliter, or cubic centimeter

20 Photosynthesis occurs in plants and animals False Animal cells don’t use the process of photosynthesis

21 Cellular respiration occurs in plants and animals True

22 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both transform energy True

23 Photosynthesis and cellular respiration both require light energy False Cellular respiration does not require light energy

24 When proteins need energy to move something across the membrane, they use ADP as an energy source. False They use ATP

25 When molecules like carbon dioxide or oxygen move across a cell membrane, this is called osmosis False This type of movement is called diffusion Osmosis is strictly the movement of water molecules

26 When molecules move freely across a cell membrane, that is because there is a concentration gradient or difference in concentrations. True

27 When a cell is placed in a hypertonic solution, water will leave the cell True

28 The rough endoplasmic reticulum makes nucleic acids False It helps assemble and transport proteins

29 Old cell materials are broken down by enzymes stored inside of lysosomes. True

30 The Golgi Body packages proteins into vesicles True

31 The rough endoplasmic reticulum helps to determine which proteins to synthesize True

32 Sweating is an example of homeostasis True

33 Every hypothesis must be able to be tested using research or experiments True

34 Every hypothesis should test multiple variables False Usually a hypothesis only involves one variable’s impact on another

35 All living things move. False Not all living things move

36 All living things breathe in oxygen. False For example, plants are living and they don’t take in oxygen

37 All living things are made of many cells False Some things are made of only one cell, like yeast or bacteria

38 All living things use energy True

39 A neutral solution has a pH of 10 False Neutral solutions like pure water have a pH of 7

40 Basic solutions have a pH of less than 7 False Bases have a pH between 7 and 14

41 Water is an acid False Water is neutral

42 Water is a non-polar molecule False Water is polar, meaning one end has a slightly negative charge and one end has a slightly positive charge

43 Water has a low heat capacity False Water has a high heat capacity, meaning that it can absorb a lot of energy without a big change in temperature

44 Water is both cohesive (sticks to other water molecules) and adhesive (sticks to different molecules) True

45 In a chemical reaction, the materials that enter a reaction are called products False The materials that enter a reaction are called reactants Products are what are produced during a reaction (the end result)

46 Photosynthesis occurs in the chloroplast True

47 Animal cells have chloroplasts False Animal cells do not have chloroplasts

48 The part of a cell that controls the cell’s activities is called the nucleus True

49 Energy is released when ADP is converted to ATP False Energy is released when ATP is converted to ADP after one of the phosphate bonds in ATP is broken

50 Cells are the basic unit of life True

51 Cellular respiration converts oxygen and glucose into carbon dioxide and water True

52 During photosynthesis, plants absorb oxygen and produce carbon dioxide False Plants absorb carbon dioxide and water and produce oxygen and glucose during photosynthesis

53 Proteins are long chains of amino acids True

54 Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen False Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

55 Photosynthesis requires light True

56 Even if plants aren’t in the light, they still use the process of photosynthesis False Photosynthesis require light No light = no photosynthesis

57 If a hypothesis is rejected, that means it was not correct. True

58 Aquatic plants use photosynthesis just like plants that live on land True

59 Snails do not use oxygen for cellular respiration because they live under water False Aquatic animals still use oxygen even though they are under water They absorb the oxygen that is dissolved in water

60 In an experiment, the variable that is different for each experimental group is called the independent variable True

Suggested Study Time (per day) How did you do??? # Of Questions Correct Grade Comment Suggested Study Time (per day) 54-60 A Fantastic! 1 hour 48-53 B Nice job! 1 hour 15 min 42-47 C Pretty good 1 hour 30 min 36-41 D Have a lot of work to do 1 hour 45 min 35 and Below F Uh oh- start studying ASAP 2 hours