Year 12 What you should know already 25/03/2017 Year 12 What you should know already

Elements and symbols that you should know: 25/03/2017 Elements and symbols that you should know: Part 1 – The obvious ones: Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen H He Li Be B C N Oxygen Fluorine Neon Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus O F Ne Mg Al Si P

Some more obvious ones: 25/03/2017 Some more obvious ones: Sulphur Chlorine Argon S Cl Ar 18) Calcium 19) Zinc Ca Zn The less obvious ones: Sodium Potassium Iron Copper Silver Na K Fe Cu Ag 6) Tin 7) Gold 8) Mercury 9) Lead Sn Au Hg Pb

25/03/2017 What is an ion? An anion is an atom that has gained electron(s) to form a (-) ion e.g Cl- (Chloride) S2- (Sulfide) or a cation is an atom that has lost electron(s) to form a (+) ion e.g Na+ (Sodium) Fe2+ (iron (ll) ion) (aka Ferric ion) Fe3+ (iron(lll) ion ) (Ferrous)

The formula for Ions that you should know: 25/03/2017 The formula for Ions that you should know: Write the ion or name beside the following Hydrogen ion Carbonate Lithium ion Magnesium ion Oxide Sulphate Sodium ion Iron (ll) ion H + CO32- Li + Mg 2+ 0 2- SO42- Na + Fe 2+ OH - S 2- Cl - NO3 - Al 3+ Pb 2+ Ca 2+ Fe 3+ Hydroxide ion Sulphide ion Chloride ion Nitrate ion Aluminium ion Lead ion Calcium ion Iron (lll)

A substance made of one type of atom is called an element 25/03/2017 Atoms and elements A substance made of one type of atom is called an element e.g. a piece of Aluminium (symbol Al) consists of only aluminium atoms bonded together and is called an element.

Molecules 25/03/2017 Some elements are unstable as single atoms and only exist as 2 atoms bonded together to form a molecule. These are usually gases e.g H2 , N2, Cl2, O2

Compounds and Molecules 25/03/2017 Some compounds are molecules that contain 2 or more different atoms covalently bonded together. Some common molecular compounds are: CO2 (carbon dioxide) H2O (water) CH4 (methane) C6H12 O6 (glucose)

Rule – If two identical elements combine then the name doesn’t change Naming compounds 25/03/2017 Rule – If two identical elements combine then the name doesn’t change Name the following elements H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 hydrogen flourine nitrogen chlorine oxygen bromine These elements always go around in pairs (diatomic molecules). For example, hydrogen looks like this:

Some simple compounds… 25/03/2017 Methane, CH4 Carbon dioxide, CO2 Water, H2O Key Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Sulphur Sulphuric acid, H2SO4 Ethyne, C2H2

Simple formulae to learn 25/03/2017 H2O CO2 NH3 H2 O2 N2 SO2 Water Carbon dioxide Ammonia Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Sulphur dioxide NaCl CaCl2 MgO HCl H2SO4 HNO3 NaOH Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 Al2O3 Fe2O3 Sodium chloride Calcium chloride Magnesium oxide Hydrochloric acid Sulphuric acid Nitric acid Sodium hydroxide Calcium hydroxide Calcium carbonate Aluminium oxide Iron oxide

Formulae H2SO4 Mg(OH)2 3 NH3 H3PO4 Al2(CO3)3 What do the numbers mean in: H2SO4 Mg(OH)2 3 NH3 How many atoms of each type are there in: H3PO4 Al2(CO3)3

Balancing Reactions 2 2 3 2 3 Mg + O2 Zn + HCl Fe + Cl2 NaOH + HCl 25/03/2017 2 2 3 2 3 Mg + O2 Zn + HCl Fe + Cl2 NaOH + HCl CH4 + O2 Ca + H2O NaOH + H2SO4 CH3OH + O2 MgO ZnCl2 + H2 FeCl3 NaCl + H2O CO2 + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2 Na2SO4 + H2O 2 2 4

How could you produce CO2 in the lab? 25/03/2017 How could you produce CO2 in the lab? Add calcium carbonate to some acid eg HCl or H2SO4 How would you test for the CO2 gas? By bubbling it through limewater ( a solution of Ca(OH)2 ) and observing the solution go milky.

How could you produce H2 in the lab? 25/03/2017 How could you produce H2 in the lab? Add Mg to some acid eg HCl or H2SO4 How would you test for the gas? By igniting the gas using the pop test.

How could you produce O2 in the lab? 25/03/2017 How could you produce O2 in the lab? manganese dioxide and hydrogen peroxide in a test tube produces oxygen gas How would you test for the O2 gas? By placing a glowing splint into the tube and seeing if it would relight