Politics of the Third World

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Presentation transcript:

Politics of the Third World

Third World countries

5 most important issues facing the Third World today poverty developing countries globalization weak state ethnicity environment

Why study the Third World? Interdependence and globalization most of the world population area most of the natural resources raw materials and energy resources Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

Why study the Third World? Western role in creating and sustaining some of the problems in the Third World

Why study the Third World? We ignore the Third World at our peril

Millennium Development Goals In 2000 the UN Millennium Declaration was adopted at the largest-ever gathering of heads of state

Millennium Development Goals eradicate extreme poverty and hunger achieve universal primary education promote gender equality reduce child mortality improve maternal health combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, etc. ensure environmental sustainability global partnership for development

Poverty & economic growth

Poverty & economic growth

Imperialism & Third World European colonial expansion for 300 years most colonies are independent after WWII

political legacies traditional polity and “modern” state state boundaries drawn to suit colonizers

economic legacies “dependency” theory foreign trade structure “core” vs. “periphery” foreign trade structure

Types of state strong states weak states failed states multi-party democracies single-party regimes military regimes personal dictatorships failed states

Levels of democracy The “third wave of democratization”

State & economic development weaknesses in physical and human infrastructure political instability harms investment and consumption political allocation of scarce resources weak and ineffective state institutions to implement economic policies widespread corruption

International financial institution The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank headquarters in Washington D.C. voting weight proportional to fund contribution IMF loans are subject to conditionality acceptance of structural adjustment (liberalization) privatization reduce inflation cut debt

World Trade Organization lower tariffs and ease other trade barriers

Foreign aid