How to Write an Abstract: Abstract Submission & Poster Presentation How to Write an Abstract: Abstract Submission & Poster Presentation Mohammad K. Ismail MD Chief of GI, Methodist University Hospital Program Director GI Fellowship Training University of Tennessee, Memphis

Why Writing is Important Francis Bacon once said, “reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; but writing an exact man”

Why bother to write well? To communicate your work well

Reasons for Not Writing Difficulty knowing where to start Not knowing how to start Anxiety about writing skills Lack of confidence

Objectives Attendees will learn Basic information about various types of publications How to write abstract Submission of Abstract Some Writing Tips

What is an Abstract An abstract is a very concise statement of the major elements of your research project. It states the purpose, methods, and findings of your research project. An abstract is a condensed version of a full scientific paper.

Identify Your Topic First thing is to identify what are you planning to write Clinical Vignette Abstract Case report Case series Research Do a background Research

Background Research Search engines such as PubMed or MEDLINE MD Consult Major Database listing available at UT Library website databases-major

Four C's of Abstract Writing Complete — it covers the major parts of the project/case Concise — it contains no excess wordiness or unnecessary information. Clear — it is readable, well organized, and not too jargon-laden. Cohesive — it flows smoothly between the parts.

How to Pick a Case Report Consider presenting a case -increases awareness of a condition -unusual presentation of a relatively common condition -suggests the proper diagnostic strategy -unusual complication of a disease and its management -about the message or lesson that the case can deliver

Format of Case Report Where are you submitting abstract For the ACP, the rules are available on the electronic abstracts portal ( htm) htm Check the details for the forum/meeting you planning to submit

Clinical Vignette (Case Report) Abstract Title and Author Information Introduction Case Description Discussion

Title and Author Information Create a winning title Should be convincing Appealing Format for the title Following the title, the names of all authors and their institutional affiliations are listed

Southern Society Meeting GRANULAR CELL TUMOR OF ESOPHAGUS: A CASE SERIES S Narra MD, M K Ismail MD University of Tennesee, Memphis and VA Medical Center Memphis, Tennessee

ACP Meeting Ergotism Masquerading as Arteritis Amy Tarnower, Associate, Department of Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing MI.

Introduction The introduction should provide the subject, purpose, and merit of the case report. Present background information Focused comprehensive literature review that corroborates the author’s claims: prevalence, mortality, "100,000 people each year die of…" “Fulminant hepatic failure is a rare presentation of Wilson’s disease, which if unrecognized carries a high mortality rate without liver transplantation.”

Case Description Describe in sequence the history physical examination investigative studies the patient's progress and outcome

Discussion The discussion should evaluate the patient case for accuracy, validity, and uniqueness compare and contrast the case report with the published literature why decisions were made and extract the lesson from the case

Research Abstract Suggested format Title and Author Information Introduction Methods Results Conclusions

Before Finalizing Get help from a mentor Make revisions based upon the feedback Have others read your draft in order to check for technical errors, such as spelling and grammar mistakes

Prior to Submission Check Yourself did you : Follow the instructions!!!! Include headings exactly as stated in the instructions/template? Use short, clear sentences; one idea per sentence? Limit your abstract to the word count/character count requirement? Edit, edit, edit Check grammar, syntax and punctuation

ACP Clinical Vignette Abstract Checklist Due date for abstract is ____________. Number of copies needed ____________. Presenting author is listed as first author. Presenting author meets eligibility requirements for the meeting. Author affiliations are listed. Abstract clearly organized into Introduction, Case Description, and Discussion. The “lesson” of the case is presented clearly and concisely. Completed abstract meets word- limit requirements or fits into formatting box. Abstract printed with correct font size and style (if stipulated). Others have reviewed abstract for content, style, grammar, and spelling. Mail abstract to: Electronic submission

You Did It! Submit Your Abstract Submit your abstract on or before any relevant deadline Mostly online/check on paper submission Payment may be needed for some Abstract Submission

Poster Presentation Once accepted begin preparation early Review with mentor Add References appropriately Submit stuff for printing Abstract for display: check on mounting Take care of meeting registration, stay and travel arrangement

Forums for Presentation ACP Meeting Southern Society Meeting (SSCI) Specialty Meetings American College of Gastroenterology Meeting

Not the End of Work Poster presentation: Not the end of work Intermediate stage in a yet unfinished project Plan to write full manuscript ASAP Choose Proper Journal for the case report Read and follow the “Guidelines for Authors” of the target journal. Set Goals Set Deadlines for yourself Shoot for the Moon

Why Abstracts Not Accepted Most common deficiencies encountered (in order of frequency): Poor presentation Weak discussion Lack of originality Poor methods Inappropriate statistical analysis Inadequate results

How to Improve Writing is an art, you can learn Read published manuscript and abstract carefully in major journals and focus on detail Practice; practice; practice Get help from your mentors and colleagues Attend classes in writing skills/read books

Some Writing Tips Active voice is preferable to passive voice “We studied 15 patients with ARDS.” is much better than “Fifteen patients with ARDS were studied.” Always use the full term before you refer to it by acronym [for example, Orthotopic Liver Transplantation (OLT)] Write only one thought per sentence. Eliminate unnecessary words Ensure that verb tenses are consistent and correct

Closing Thoughts Scholarly activities and Publications are a required part of residency training Very Important for residents pursuing academic career Important for academic advancement Faraday once said, “Work; finish; publish”