Past simple of the verbs BE, HAVE, DO BeHaveDo Iwashaddid Youwerehaddid He, she, itwashaddid Wewerehaddid Youwerehaddid Theywerehaddid I was in Japan last year She had a headache yesterday. We did our homework last night. They weren't in Rio last summer. We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower. We didn't do our exercises this morning. Were they in Iceland last January? Did you have enough money? Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?

Past simple of regular and irregular verbs Function: completed action in a time before now (He visited his parents last week.) Signal Words: often, sometimes, always last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago. the other day, ages ago, a long time ago etc. PositiveNegativeQuestionShort answer I worked I spoke. I did not work. I did not speak. Did you work? Did you speak? Yes, I did, No, I didn´t. Regular verb + ed Irregular verb

Spelling Exceptions in spelling when adding edExample love – loved, like admit – admitted travel – travelled hurry – hurried, carry

Present Perfect actions which started in the past and continue to the present or they are still importnant at present have + past participle (3. tvar slovesa) I loved you 10 years ago…(we split up) ….but you've still been on my mind... (now) I loved you SONG:

Present perfect – positive, negative, questions We've met. I've finished. He's gone out. They've lost their way. We haven't met. (Ještě) jsme se nesetkali. I haven't finished. (Ještě) jsme neskončili. He hasn't gone out. Nešel ven. They haven't lost their way. Neztratili se. Have you two met? Už jste se vy dva setkali? Have you finished? Už jsi skončil? Where has he gone? Kam šel? Have they lost their way? Ztratili se? I / you / we /theyI have spoken. I have not (haven´t) spoken. Have I spoken? he / she / itHe has spoken. He has not (hasn´t) spoken. Has he spoken?

Present perfect simple x Past simple started in past and not completed x completed in past (you cannot change it anymore) I have lived in Prague.I lived in Prague c-cviceni--predpritomny-cas-prosty---prubehovy.html

Present Perfect x Past Simple + for I lived in Hradec Králové for 20 years. finished action I have lived in Prague for 25 years. Started in past (in 1986) and still continue

Signal Words for Present Perfect A2 already, ever, never, just, yet, so far today, this week, this month, this year for 10 years (period of time) since 2001 (point of time) I have already / just / never seen him. I haven't seen him yet. I have gone there twice this year. I have known him for 10 years. I have known him since 2001.

THE Oceans, seas, rivers, canals, gulfs, bays the Pacific, the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the Mediterranean the Mississippi, the River Elbe, the Missouri River Mountains (pohoří), group of islands, deserts the Alps, the Himalayas the Shetlands, the British Isles the Sahara, the Great Sandy Desert

0 article Continents Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, America, Antarctica Central Asia, medieval Europe, South America BUT!!! the continent of Africa (africký kontinent) Mountain, lakes, islands.. Mount Everest, Mount St. Helen, Lake Eyrie, Lake Michigan, Loch Ness Madagaskar, Holy Island, Java Streets, squares, parks Wall Street, Broadway, Madison Avenue, Trafalgar Square, Picadilly Circus, Hyde Park, Yosemite National Park

0 / THE Buildings 1) Začíná-li název budovy na vlastní jméno – 0- Westminster Abbey, Buckingham Palace 2) Začíná-li název budovy na obecné podstatné jméno nebo přídavné jméno - THE – the World Trade Center, The National Museum, the White House, BUT!!!: the Charles Bridge, the Eiffel Tower, Big Ben Countries 1) Jednoslovné názvy států v jednotném čísle -0- Italy, France, Russia, Britain BUT!!!: the Netherlands 2) Víceslovné názvy států, které mají v názvu obecné podstatné jméno – THE the Czech Republic, the USA, the European Union Cities and towns New York, New York City, Sydney, Prague, Washington DC BUT!!! the city of..., the town of …the city of New York

SET PHRASES by car, by bus, by train at home, at school, at work to work, to school in bed, in hospital, in prison, in church a few - několik a little, a bit - trochu a couple of - pár a lot of - spousta half an hour - půl hodiny twice a week - dvakrát týdně 5 kilometres an hour – 5 km/h at the top, at the bottom in the morning, in the afternoon x at night in the south, in the north in the word on the left on the coast on holiday

COUNTABLES AND UNCOUNTABLES COUNTABLE nouns are for things we can count: dog, horse, man, shop, idea. have a singular and plural form: 2 dogs, 10 horses, a man, 6 men UNCOUNTABLE nouns - for the things that we cannot count: tea, sugar, water, air, rice. abstract ideas or qualities: knowledge, beauty, anger, fear, love WITH a singular verb (knowledge is, love is) NOT!!! plural (We cannot say sugars, breads, knowledges) NOT!!! a/an common uncountable nouns: alcohol, coffee, butter, energy, strategy, bread, luggage, fruit, information, time, wine, cheese, stress, relaxation, music, money, furniture, happiness, sadness, research, evidence, safety, beauty, knowledge, accommodation, advice, behaviour, news, traffic, travel, trouble, weather, work, energy, tennis, plastic, hair, sand, electricity, juice, shopping, damage, progress

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