Anchor Text : Dangerous Crossing by Stephen Krensky Essential Question: How do I explain relationships or interactions between two or more individuals, events, ideas or concepts in fiction and non-fiction text using details from the text? Anchor Text : Dangerous Crossing by Stephen Krensky

Activating prior knowledge Over the next few weeks, we are going to focus on heroes and heroines in literature. Who knows what a hero is? This week we get to read about a great hero, John Quincy Adams. Have you heard of him? Activating prior knowledge

Key Vocabulary Representatives Pressing Shattered Embark Viewpoint With your partner, choose 4 words from the list below and discuss the possible definitions. While reading the text we will encounter the vocabulary words in context. This will help to clarify their meaning. Representatives Pressing Shattered Embark Viewpoint Conduct Cramped Bracing Surveyed Distracted Key Vocabulary

Listening Comprehension Mother and Son When John Quincy Adams saw the Patriots debating, how do you think this affected him? (Inferences)

Listening Comprehension Mother and Son John Quincy wrote to his mother about the agreement between France and America. What effect did John Quincy expect this agreement to have on the war? What effect did John Quincy Adam’s trip to France have on his mother?

Classroom Collaboration T13 Discuss with your partner. Be prepared to share with the whole class. Summarize what you learned about John Quincy and Abigail Adams from this selection. Classroom Collaboration T13

Focus

Set Purpose for Reading Recording and analyzing causes and effects will help you understand and explain the relationships between events in the text. It will help you understand how plot events and scenes fit together to provide the story’s structure.

Visualizing When readers visualize, they use details in the text to form vivid mental pictures of people, settings, and events. It can help you gain a better understanding of how events are related, especially when reading historical fiction.

As you read, look for times when the author uses signal words such as: Because As a result Due to Consequently So What if there are NO signal words?? Use other text evidence to infer connections between events! EQ Answer Search

Graphic Organizer

Accountable Talk / Text Evidence Remember to use Accountable Talk & Text Evidence skills during our lesson today! Accountable Talk / Text Evidence

1st Read P. 328 Based on the statement, “the blustering snow stung his cheeks like nettles,” what do you think nettles are? Why does the author describe bad weather at the beginning of the selection? Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 329 3. What do you learn about John Adams from his willingness to go on a sea voyage in mid-winter? Think Through the Text

Think about the supplies John Adams brought with him Think about the supplies John Adams brought with him. Why do you think these particular items were chosen? Try to use some examples from the text! A Closer Look

1st Read P. 330 4. How do the illustrations on these pages relate to events in the story? Support your answer with evidence. Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 332 5. What does the phrase, “bowing to their enthusiasm,” mean? What action on Captain Tucker’s part provides a context clue to help you understand the phrase as it’s used in the text? Support with evidence! Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 333 6. How does the use of the diary quotation contribute to the story? 7. Based on the narrator’s description of Johnny’s thoughts, how did he feel about being in a possible battle? How do you know? Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 334-335 8. Quote the text details that help you visualize Johnny’s experience with the storm. 9. What evidence does the author provide to support the idea that John Adams wasn’t extremely bothered by this event? Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 336-337 10. How does the illustration contribute to the meaning of the story? 11. Why does the author include this episode instead of bringing the story to a close after the drama of the storm on page 335? Think Through the Text

1st Read P. 339 12. What text evidence does the author provide to show how John Adams felt about finally reaching France? Think Through the Text

Classroom Conversation What does John Adam’s behavior reveal about his character? Why is John Adams willing to undertake a dangerous sea voyage to travel to France? What new insights about the Revolutionary War did you gain from reading this story? Classroom Conversation

Provide 2 examples of how the author uses words and illustrations to help the reader visualize and make connections between events in the text. Summarizer

“Tomorrow’s victory is today’s practice.” Looking Even Closer…

Modeling Cause/Effect Let’s look at pg. 329. In this part of the story, the events that cause John Adams to go to France are explained. What leads to his trip? What do the colonists hope will be the result, or effect, of his visit to France? Modeling Cause/Effect

Analyze the Text - Primary Sources Pg. 331 Primary sources are first-hand accounts. Examples include: Original photographs or documents Quotations Interviews Re-read the diary entry from John Adams on p. 331 and think about this question: What is the author’s purpose for including a primary source in the story? Analyze the Text - Primary Sources

Analyze the Text – Primary Sources By using quotations, the author makes his story of this historical event believable. Readers know that the story is based on research and facts. Think about the importance of primary sources as you continue to read the selection. Analyze the Text – Primary Sources

Analyze the Text – Visual Elements Pg. 333 Authors of historical fiction might include visual elements to help their readers envision characters, settings, and events. Some illustrations reinforce important ideas, while others communicate tone. The tone is a particular attitude toward the subject. Let’s look specifically at pg. 333. What kind of tone does this picture suggest about the sailors? What’s their attitude? *With your partner discuss… Now let’s focus on the illustrations on pg. 328-333. How do these illustrations add feeling and meaning to the story? Think about the tone or the attitude of the subject. Analyze the Text – Visual Elements

Analyze the Text – Visual Elements Suggest other visual elements that might enhance this story! As we continue to read the story, use the visual elements to help you understand what you are reading. Analyze the Text – Visual Elements

Analyze the Text – Cause/Effect Thinking about causes and effects while you read will help you understand how events relate to each other and provide a story’s structure! We are going to work together to complete the graphic organizer using the information from the text. *With your partner discuss… What caused Johnny to think the crack he heard was cannon fire? What REALLY caused the crack? Pg. 335 Analyze the Text – Cause/Effect

Analyze the Text – Cause/Effect As we continue our reading, be on the lookout for other examples of cause-and-effect relationships! Analyze the Text – Cause/Effect

Summarizer – Write about Reading Response Think about the cause-and-effect relationships that you identified in the story. Consider which elements have the greatest impact on the story’s action… Character Setting Historical Context Write a paragraph (at least 5 sentences) explaining which causes and effects show how those elements affect the story. Remember to… State the main idea of your paragraph clearly and use direct quotations and other specific details from the text to support your answer. Summarizer – Write about Reading Response

Reread Dangerous Crossing on your own Reread Dangerous Crossing on your own. Use the “Illustrate Historical Fiction” WS pg. 157-158. Respond to the prompts/questions by supporting your answers with evidence from the text. Homework

Compare Texts!

The text, Revolution and Rights, is an essay that explains the events surrounding the American Revolution. Read the title, headings, and preview the illustrations. Connect to the Topic

BrainPop! Connect to the Topic

Pg. 345 Why did Great Britain feel that it was fair to help pay for the war by taking American colonists? What did the colonists mean when they said, “No taxation without representation”? Think through the Text

Pg. 346-347 How was the First Continental Congress the first step in breaking away from Great Britain? How did Anti-Federalists concerns about individual rights lead to changes to the Constitution? Think through the Text

Pg. 348 What kinds of rights are protected by the first ten amendments to the Constitution? What are these amendments called? Why do you think a national vote is needed to add amendments to the Constitution? Think through the Text

Summarizer – Text to Text With your partner, discuss these questions about Dangerous Crossing and Revolution and Rights. Then write down your answers independently. We will discuss these with the class. How does the information about John Adams in “Revolution and Rights” add to your understanding of his character and political skills? What do both selections help you understand about why the U.S. government and the Bill of Rights were created? USE EVIDENCE FROM BOTH TEXTS! Summarizer – Text to Text