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 To show the audience you have researched your topic to provide accurate information  The researched information is NOT your material  You are not an expert

 Summarize  Paraphrase  Direct Quotation

 Shortened form of research  May include snippets of quoted material  Usually words or key phrases are quoted  Must include reference to author, but since the summary is over the entire work, no page number is necessary

 Allows author to put research in own words  Author’s voice shows through  Shows author has made sense of the information and can explain it  Still gives credit to researcher

Click the link to see an example of a summary and paraphrase being used.link

 Should be used sparingly  Only VITAL information should be quoted directly  e.g. facts, statistics, important phraseology, etc.  Words need to be shown EXACTLY as they appear in the original text or it is considered plagiarism  Can stifle the author’s voice if used to often

 X states, “__________.”  As the world-famous scholar X explains it, “________.”  As claimed by X, “______.”  In her article _______, X suggests that “_________.”  In X’s perspective, “___________.”  X concurs when she notes, “_______.”  Then EXPLAIN how the quotation supports what you are saying in your essay.

Rule #1:  Incorporate all outside information into a sentence of your own.  Research should never stand alone.

Rule #2:  Include page numbers and references to the author of the material  You may begin the researched material with the author’s name, or place it after the material with a page number in parenthesis.

 Click here to visit the Purdue OWL site to see samples of real in-text citations.here  Notice how the samples vary.

Rule #3:  Create a works cited page that corresponds to your in-text citations.  WC page should look like your bibliography page except should only include research you actually used in your essay

Questions???? Be sure to ask!