Volcanoes.

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Chapter 8 Section 2 Types of Volcanoes

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Presentation transcript:

Volcanoes

Volcano A volcano is an opening in the Earth’s crust where lava comes out

Where to find volcanoes Volcanoes can be found in 3 general locations Divergent Boundaries Subduction boundaries Hot Spots

Divergent Boundaries At divergent boundaries, volcanoes are created as the plates slide apart. Iceland is a good example.

Subduction Boundaries When one plate subducts under another, a volcano is created. A good example is Mt. Fuji in Japan, Mt. St Helens in Washington and Aleutian islands in Alaska

Hot Spots Hot Spots are volcanoes that form in the middle of a tectonic plate. Hawaii is an example. As the plate moves, the hot spot stays in the same place, so a chain of islands is often created.

Kinds of Volcanoes There are 3 kinds of volcanoes Shield Cone Cinder Cone Composite Cone

Shield Cone Volcano Shield Cone volcanoes are not very tall and formed by layers of lava. Quiet Eruptions

Cinder Cone Steep Volcano with explosive eruptions. Explosive eruptions caused by gas. Formed by layers of volcanic rock

Composite Cone Made of alternating layers of lava and rock Alternates in explosive eruption and quiet eruptions AKA Stratocones

Volcanic lava Mafic lava – dark, no gas, not explosive, thin Felsic lava – light, lots of gas, explosive, thick Pahoehoe – ropey cooled lava, usually from mafic lava Aa – thick, blocky cooled lava from felsic lava

pahoehoe aa

Caldera vs. crater Vent – name of actual opening of volcano Crater – surrounding area around vent. Caldera – a collapsed vent; after a volcano explodes, a huge opening left over from explosion.

Caldera

Crater