Option F: Microbes and Biotechnology (HL only) F.5 Metabolism of Microbes

F.5.1 Define the terms photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemohetertroph F.5.2 State one example of a photoautotroph, photoheterotroph, chemoautotroph, chemoheterotroph Autotrophs Heterotrophs Photoautrotroph: chlorophyll allows microbes to trap light energy and transfer it to chemical bond energy (i.e. cyanobacteria Anabaena) Chemoautotroph: creates own food using the chemical bonds of inorganic molecules (Nitrosomonas  ammonia) Photoheterotroph: can convert between anabolic and catabolic reactions (photosynthesis to respiration) (i.e. Rhodobacter sphaeroides) Chemoheterotroph: ingest and break down foods containing glucose for energy (i.e. Saccharomyces) Autotroph = self feeder Heterotroph = other feeder

F.5.3 Compare photoautotrophs with photoheterotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources Light Light and organic compounds Carbon sources Carbon dioxide Organic compounds F.5.4 Compare chemoautotrophs with chemoautotrophs in terms of energy sources and carbon sources Chemoautotrophs Chemoheterotrophs Energy Source Inorganic compounds Organic compounds Carbon sources Carbon dioxide

F.5.5 Draw and label a diagram of a filamentous cyanobacterium Heterocysts develop every 9 – 15 cells Interdependence: Heterocysts: fix dinitrogen to nitrogen compounds (i.e. ammonia) Photosynthetic cells: produce carbohydrates

F.5.6 Explain the use of bacteria in the bioremediation of soil and water Bacteria or fungi are used remove contaminants (energy sources) in the environment OR converts them to a harmless form Ex: Pseudonomas used to clean up oil spills