Bottom Up Indonesian Internet Infrastructure Onno W. Purbo Independent IT Writer

Important Key Factor Human Community Society NOT Technology NOT $$$

Overview Commercial ISP Development Historical View & Tech. Aspects Internet Community Development Major Achievements No backup from World Bank, IMF, ADB Bottom-up Community based Sustainable development

Key Strategies Human factor is the most important KEY. Provide Free Education to the Society Copyleft & Copywrong movement Free? How about the reward? God provides reward in unimaginable ways.

Society Education Process

Involving Many Volunteers.. Michael Sunggiardi (Bogor) I Made Wiryana (Germany) Umar Tjokroaminoto (Medan) Adi Nugroho (Makassar) Irwin Day (Makassar) Ismail Fahmi (Bandung) Etc …

Basic strategy in short.. Either lead or follow but please dont block the road for those who would move forward … Phil Karn at Qualcomm, one of the Wireless Internet guru.

Commercial Internet Development

Commercial ISPs APJII = Indonesian ISP Association IndoNet the first Indonesian commercial ISP in 1994.

APJII Membership 150+ Principal License Holder 80 Member APJII 40+ active in providing services 100+ cities, all provinces Common Facilities APJII IIX APJII IDNIC Domain Registration & NIR (APNIC)

Principal & Operational License

Subscriber Distribution

Targeted Total Indonesian Internet Users

ISP Indonesia Internet Exchange ISP GLOBAL INTERNET APJII – IIX (GCC TELKOM)

Some grassroots movements Internet Café High Speed Wireless Internet (11- 54Mbps)

Indonesian Internet Cafes Internet Cafes Mostly self-finance Hangout at asosiasi- Fight for expanding own network & concept towards community based network.

Indonesian Internet Café Access Cost for Public Users Rp / hour. Access Cost for Students at Schools Rp / month Return of Investment 1-2 Years (no WB, no IMF, no ADB, no GoI funding) Internet Café is an affordable solution for Indonesian to access the Internet. It may enable 20+ million Indonesian to Internet in next 4-5 years.

Indonesian Wireless Internet Close to 1000 corporate users Uses 11Mbps (soon 54Mbps) wireless connection 2.4GHz (soon at 5-5.8GHz) Hangout Fight for free frequency license

Historical View Social (human) Aspects Technological Aspects

Network Topology: Jan 1993

Homebrew Radio Modem

Software & PC based 286 & only Freeware network operating system (NOS) Downloadable from ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/ ftp://ftp.ucsd.edu/hamradio/packet/

AI3 Indonesia: 1997 AI3 Indonesia IIX WIDE AI3 S-One / SingaREN vBNS STARTAP CA*net3 TransPAC APAN

Current Technology Push Wireless Internet 11-54Mbps Estimated cost US$150 / unit Unlicensed band 2.4Ghz, 5-5.8GHz Build own network, no Telco!

Two Way Satellite

Success Factor Community based development. Human Resource Development Culture! Shifting mind set! Self-financing. Human is the key factor!

Access Behavior Source: Adi Nugroho 50% Internet Café in Makassar, Sulawesi January 2002.

Logged Access Sites in Makassar *.yahoo.com6.96% *.yimg.com6.77% *.bolehmail.com4.69% 2.98% *.plasa.com2.52% *.astaga.com2.02% *.17tahun.com1.72% *.doubleclick.net1.46% *.extrajos.com1.40% *.msn.com1.16% *.akamai.net1.00% *.freebiespider.com0.85% *.geocities.com0.76% *.rileks.com0.75% > * 0.74% > *.chek.com 0.61% > *.detik.com 0.49% > *.adbutler.com 0.44% > *.kompas.com 0.40% > *.icq.com 0.27% > other: 2nd-level-domains 62.01% > > Sum %

Access Behavior Search engine & webmail are the the most accessed site. News & online media are next. Indonesian pornographic site is next in the row (not much). 2.98% users normally mistype the URL. Yahoo.com & its family is the most (13%) accessed site.

Indonesian Internet Communities Survey done at yahoogroups.com

Historical Perspective 90: 96: 99:

Evaluate yahoogroups.com Indonesian mailing lists Mostly <100 subscribers Evaluate only >100 subscribers

Evaluation Total mailing list49913 Evaluated30195 (60.5%) Mailing list > 100 subs1247 (4.2%)

Mailing lists total 1247 Pornography 73 (5.9%) Social350 (28.1%) Religion 155 (12.4%) Politics 94 (7.5%) Knowledge 257 (20.6%) Hobby 110 (8.8 %) Economics 16 (1.3%) Business 192 (15.4 %)

Subscribers total Pornography (13.2%) Social87875 (19.4%) Religion (12.2%) Politics (7.1%) Knowledge (18.5%) Hobby (10.7 %) Economics 4595 (1.0%) Business (17.8 %)

Messages in 2001 total Pornography (2.7%) Social (23.3%) Religion (12.0%) Politics (11.7%) Knowledge (18.3%) Hobby (14.8%) Economics (0.8%) Business (16.4%)

Activeness (msg/subs/month) Pornography 0.71 Social4.23 Religion 3.46 Politics 5.81 Knowledge 3.48 Hobby 4.88 Economics 2.95 Business 3.25

Bandwidth (Kbps) total 1,711 Pornography 704 (41.2%) Social236 (13.8%) Religion 146 (8.5%) Politics 113 (6.6 %) Knowledge 270 (15.8%) Hobby 103 (6.0%) Economics 9 (0.6%) Business 128 (7.5%)

Summary.. Copyleft & copywrong movement done by many volunteers (not the govt) really help in providing knowledge to the society & enable them to build their own infrastructure. Wireless Internet & Internet café technology is the key infrastructure. Most of the infrastructure are self-finance with no WB, IMF & ADB involvement. Govt of Indonesia most of the time claim our sucesses & ask for funding to donor agencies.