Surfs Up…Way Up Intent: I ulu no ka l ā l ā i ke kumu. The branches grow because of the trunk. Essential Question: How do circles and functions help us to understand the destructive force of tsunami, so that we can better prepare ourselves and protect the people and things we love? 1 Surfs Up….Way Up

Skills & Content 1.Discover features of buildings that can minimize the effects of tsunami 2.Compare & contrast different functions 3.Tidal waves versus Tsunami 4.Volume, height, and speed of tsunami 5.Tsunami as weapons 6.Scatter plots 7.Linear vs Exponential 8.Direct vs Inverse Variation 9.Quadratics and Circles 2 Surfs Up….Way Up

Hoolohe 3 QuestionsNotes/Answers Inside Circle: What do you know about waves and the ocean? How does the ocean make you feel? Outside Circle: How did you learn about waves and the ocean? 1. Surfs Up….Way Up

4 QuestionsNotes/Answers How were you affected by the tsunami that hit Japan & Hawaii on March 11-12, 2011? Mrs. Riels Answer: As soon as I heard that a tsunami was coming, I went on my cell phone and looked up the tsunami inundation maps for Ewa Beach. I figured out that our house wasnt in the flood zone, so my husband and I decided to sleep through the sirens and warnings. We were woken up by his mother screaming that we needed to evacuate, but since we did our research, we assured her that we would be safe at home. 2. Surfs Up….Way Up Reflection

5 Why is it nearly impossible to float to shore from the middle of the ocean? Waves dont push you. You will just bob up and down in the same place. 3. Surfs Up….Way Up Video: Ocean Waves 4. What can waves transmit across the sea? Energy is the only thing that waves can transmit across the sea.

6 Label the diagram of a wave. 5. Surfs Up….Way Up Still Water Level Crest Trough Wavelength Wave Height 6. Describe the relationship between wavelength and period. The wavelength is the distance between consecutive crests. The period is the time it takes to travel that distance. As the wavelength increases, so does the period. Video: Ocean Waves

7 Surfs Up….Way Up The wind creates friction between air and water. It creates ripples in the surface of the water. Those ripples cause waves. How does wind generate waves? 7. Wind-driven waves reach their maximum height when they match the speed of the wind. When do wind-driven waves reach their maximum height? 8. Video: Ocean Waves

What happens to waves as they start to approach the shore? 8 Surfs Up….Way Up Waves feel the bottom. Molecules start moving in circles. Waves get taller and slow down. Crests lean over and then break on the shore. 9. In deep water, wind waves travel between 5 and 65 miles per hour, may reach heights of 45 feet, and are no more than a few hundred feet apart. Describe wind waves in deep water. 10. Video: Ocean Waves

9 Surfs Up….Way Up Tsunami start off about 3 feet tall. The crests are miles apart. Tsunami travel hundreds of miles per hour. Tsunami involve entire water column. How are tsunami different from wind- waves? 11. It could take about 2 hours for the second tsunami wave to hit. How long could it take the second tsunami wave to hit? 12. Video: Ocean Waves

10 Explain how the wave function works. 14. Surfs Up….Way Up A = amplitude (wave height) B = period (wavelength or time between the waves) C = phase shift (left +/right -) D = vertical shift (up +/down -) Sine Function Which of the functions best represents the anatomy of a wave? 13. Wave anatomy is best represented by the sine (or cosine) function. Wave Functions

11 Surfs Up….Way Up Child Function Amplitude: 2 Period: 3 (wavelength is 1/3 of parent) Phase Shift: +5 (shifted left) Vertical Shift: +2 (shifted up) The child wave is twice as tall and traveling three times as fast as the parent wave. The child wave began farther away from shore in deeper water. Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves. 15. Wave Functions

12 Surfs Up….Way Up Child Function Amplitude: 1/2 Period: 1 (wavelength is 1) Phase Shift: -3 (shifted right) Vertical Shift: -1 (shifted down) The child wave is half as tall as the parent wave, but traveling at the same speed. The child wave began closer to shore in shallower water. Analyze the two sine functions and describe their differences in terms of amplitude, period, phase shift, and vertical shift. Then describe the child function in terms of waves. 16. Wave Functions

13 Surfs Up….Way Up If the amplitude (A) were zero, there would be no wave height. If the period (B) were zero, there would be no wavelength. Without wave height or length, there would be no waves. The ocean would be completely flat. Explain what would happen to the waves if A or B were zero. 17. Wave Functions

14 Surfs Up….Way Up Catch a Wave Activity Gentle slopes create spilling breakers that provide surfers with long, smooth rides. Moderate slopes create plunging breakers that form barrels for surfers to ride through. Steep slopes create surging breakers that smash into the beach. They dont create any surf. Describe how the slope of the seafloor controls the way a wave breaks. 18.

15 Surfs Up….Way Up Catch a Wave Activity Surging breakers will cause the most erosion because they slam into the coast with a lot of force. Which type of breaker will cause the most coastal erosion? 19. Spilling breakers will take the longest time to reach the shore. In the process, they will drag along the seafloor and push the sand towards the beach. Which type of breaker will deposit the most sand onshore and expand beaches? 20.

16 Surfs Up….Way Up Measure a Wave Activity State the formula used to calculate the speed of a wave train. Describe the units for each variable. 21. Speed is measured in knots (nautical miles per hour) and the period is measured in seconds.

17 Surfs Up….Way Up Measure a Wave Activity Find the speed of the wave in the animation. Use SEE method. 22. The wave in the animation travels at ___ knots. S: E: 9

18 Surfs Up….Way Up Surf Report 23. If NOAA reports that a gale 1000 knots offshore will cause high waves with a period of 12 seconds, when should you go to the beach? You should go to the beach in 56 hours, or 2 days and 8 hours. S: E:

19 Surfs Up….Way Up Wavelength 24. Another way to calculate the speed of a wave is What is the wavelength in the previous problem? The wavelength is _______ miles or ______ feet.S: E:

20 Surfs Up….Way Up Wave Field Study 25. Suppose NOAA reported that a gale 2,850 knots off the shore of Oahu caused waves we witnessed during our field study. How fast were those waves traveling? What was the distance between successive waves? How long did it take for those waves to reach Waianae? Use SEE Method.

21 Surfs Up….Way Up Period The water waves are traveling at a speed of 2.5 m/s and splashing against Wilbert's perch. Each adjacent crest is 5 meters apart. How much time passes between each successive drenching? 26. S: E: ______ seconds pass between successive waves. Wavelength: 5 m Speed: 2.5 m/s Two

22 Surfs Up….Way Up Wave Volume Assume the tsunami formed a circular wall of water around the epicenter of the earthquake. Calculate the volume of the Japan 2011 tsunami in gallons. (3.8 x km 3 = 1 gallon) 27. S: E: The tsunami contained _______ gallons of water. Outer Radius: 85 km Inner Radius: 80 km Height: 14 m = km

23 Surfs Up….Way Up Wave Height The formula to calculate the height of a tsunami is, H = original height D = original depth of the water h = new height d = new depth of the water If the tsunami that hit Hawaii began as a 1 foot wave in 10,000 foot deep water, what was its height when it reached 5 foot deep water near the shore of Kona? 28. S: E: The tsunami was _______ feet tall. H = 1 ftD = 10,000 ft d = 5 ft 6.7

24 Surfs Up….Way Up Video: Tsunami Awareness A tsunami is a series of ocean waves caused by any large and sudden disturbance of the sea surface. What is the definition of a tsunami? 29. Tsunami can be generated by landslides, volcanic eruptions, meteorites falling into the ocean, and earthquakes. Earthquakes cause the most tsunami. State some causes of tsunami. What causes the most tsunami? 30.

25 Surfs Up….Way Up Video: Tsunami Awareness A bore is a large wall of turbulent water caused by a tsunami. Describe a bore Strong earthquake that causes difficulty standing. 2.Rapid rise or fall of the water along the coast. 3.Loud ocean roar. 4.Alerts from lifeguards, police, US Tsunami Warning Centers, and NOAA All Hazards Radio. List the tsunami warning signs. 32.

26 Surfs Up….Way Up Video: Tsunami Awareness 1.Keep calm. 2.Walk or run to higher ground. (100 ft above sea level or 1 mile inland). 3.Do not drive. 4.Use the stairs to get to the 3 rd floor or higher in a sturdy building. 5.Follow all instructions from local officials. 6.Stay out of coastal areas. What do you need to do to stay safe during a tsunami? 33.

27 Surfs Up….Way Up Tsunami Inundation Zones What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Waianae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isnt, suggest a better plan. 34. When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street.

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29 Surfs Up….Way Up Tsunami Inundation Zones When a tsunami is coming, our plan is to evacuate to Kamaile Academy on Ala Akau Street. It is a reasonable plan because we can easily and quickly walk from Waianae High School to Kamaile and Kamaile is not in the flood zone. If necessary, we can easily travel farther up the mountain from that location. What is the tsunami evacuation plan for Waianae High School? According to the maps, is it a reasonable plan? If you think it isnt, suggest a better plan. 34.

30 Surfs Up….Way Up Tsunami-Resistant Buildings 1.Build in a location outside the tsunami inundation zones. 2.Elevating the structure above a solid but open foundation (stilts). 3.Reinforced concrete. 4.Try not to have walls that face the ocean. 5.Be able to open the doors so the tsunami passes through. What kinds of features do you think a house/building would need to make it tsunami- resistant? 35.

Summary 31 How do circles and functions help us to understand the destructive force of tsunami, so that we can better prepare ourselves and protect the people and things we love? Surfs Up….Way Up