Oceans Control the Water Cycle

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Presentation transcript:

Oceans Control the Water Cycle Ch. 11.1 Oceans Control the Water Cycle

11.1 Ocean Basins Oceans formed over 1.5 billion years from the runoff of the continents 2/3 earth’s surface covered by oceans 5 major oceans are: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Antarctic (Southern), and Arctic Basin- low points on the earth’s surface = oceans Oceans make life possible, control temperatures, create weather patterns, source of water for precipitation.

5 Main Oceans of the World

The Origin of Ocean Water Planet formed 4.5 billion years ago ball of molten rock, started to cool but heat released from within, by volcanoes Water vapour released into the atmosphere Water from ice on comets coming to earth

Features of the Ocean Floor Ocean floor is not flat but have many features like: mountain ranges, valleys, flat plains, canyons, and volcanoes The features are larger than on land Ocean floor has two distinct parts: Ocean basin- middle part Continental margins- edges

Ocean Basins Forces change the ocean floor (storm water erodes coral reefs) Greatest force = plate tectonics Solid rock plates floating over a molten layer Two types of tectonic plates Oceanic- those that lie under the ocean- (more dense) Continental – those under continents

Continental and Ocean Plate Interactions

Plate Interactions When plates are pushed apart magma rises to the surface = mid ocean ridge, the largest being the mid Atlantic Ridge This ridge has been pushing Europe and America apart Move 2.5 cm per year Plates also move toward each other = subduction Ocean plate-ocean plate – mid ocean ridge- move apart Ocean- continent = ocean under continent = trench formed and mountains (volcanic) Continent – continent – mountains formed in the middle of the continent Area between trenches and mid-ocean ridges = abyssal plains Occasional peak = sea mount = inactive volcano

Continental Margins Made up of the continental shelf and the continental slope Shelf = flat area that extends from the shoreline Slope = steep area that drops off to the ocean floor Rise = where sediments have been deposited at the end of a submarine canyon Abyssal plains- flat part extending from margin

Features of Continental Margins

Continental Margins- cont. Sediments are carried to the ocean in rivers and streams and build up on the slope, when they become too great the slope collapses creating a turbidity current = underwater landslide Turbidity currents create the gentle slope of the continental rise Some currents are so powerful they carve out submarine canyons Sediments are also created from the remains of living animals

Your Assignment Textbook Questions P. 413 Questions #1-8 and #12 Workbook pages Quiz next class