El Niño & La Niña.

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Presentation transcript:

El Niño & La Niña

Normal Pacific Conditions In normal years , atmospheric pressure is greater in the eastern Pacific than in the western Pacific. The trade winds blow surface water from east to west. Warm water "piles up" in the western Pacific and sea level is higher than it is in the east.

Upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water occurs along the western coast of South America More nutrients = more phytoplankton = food fishing

El Niño First noticed off coast of Peru around Christmas, El Niño refers to the Christ child Occurs every 2 – 7 years Unusual and atmospheric conditions Trade winds slack off or reverse Warm water moves eastward Upwelling slacks off or stops completely

Compare the thermocline from normal conditions (above) to El Niño (below)

Effects of El Niño… Western Pacific (ex. Indonesia) does not get rain No monsoon season Drought Fires Eastern Pacific (ex. South America) Tropical thunderstorms Flooding

El Niño affects global climate:

La Niña Opposite effects of El Niño Stronger winds Colder temperatures

Comparing El Niño and La Niña Warmer ocean temps Occurs every 3-7 years Wetter than normal summers Weak trade winds Fewer Atlantic hurricanes La Niña Colder ocean temps Frequency unknown Drier than normal summers Strong trade winds Increased hurricane activity in Atlantic

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