US after WWII Chapter 25

Occupation of Germany Potsdam Conference – July 1945 – Truman, Stalin, and Churchill (Attlee) Division of Germany – France, US, and GB – western Germany – USSR – eastern Germany Division of Berlin – Same concept as with Germany Rebuild Germany

Potsdam

Germany

Occupation of Japan Occupied by US from ‘45-’52 MacArthur ran the country – New constitution Dem. Gov’t Women’s suffrage Freedom of religion Demilitarized – Made economic reforms

War Crime Trials Nuremberg Trials – German Nazis Holocaust – 12 executed Tokyo – Japanese trials 7 executed – Hideki Tojo

Nuremberg Trials

Tojo

United Nations 1 st met in San Fran in ‘45 2 parts of UN – General Assembly All member nations – Security Council 15 members – 5 permanent – GB, US, France, USSR, China – 10 rotating members Headquarters in NYC E. Roosevelt- 1 of the 1 st US delegates

Trygve Lie

Israel Zionism – movement seeking a homeland in Palestine – David Ben Gurion UN’s idea – Divide Palestine into 2 states: Arab and Jewish Israel is created in ‘48 – Recognized by US and USSR Israel is attacked by other Arab nations

Ben-Gurion

Israel

Cold War Competition btw US and USSR over global power and influence – Political and economic war US – Dem. Gov’t – Individual freedom – Capitalism USSR – State-run economy – One-party rule – No religion – Use of force to crush opposition

Cold War Europe

Truman Doctrine Containment- US strategy to restrict expansion of communism Aid any nation that was being bullied by USSR – DON’T COPY(“policy of US to support free peoples…[from] armed minorities or by outside pressures”) Gave $400 million to Greece and Turkey

Truman

Marshall Plan George C. Marshall – sec. of state under Truman $17 billion in economic aid for Europe – Make sure it did not become communistic – Bolster US trade

Marshall

Berlin Airlift 1948 – USSR blocked all roads from Berlin to western Germany – Western Berlin-no supplies from US,GB 10 months – US, GB planes flew more than 2 mill tons of food and supplies to West Berlin ‘49 – USSR lifted blockade

Berlin AirLift

Alliance System NATO – united against USSR – 12 nations – 1 nation is attacked, all attacked Warsaw Pact – alliance of communist countries

Cold War Europe

Terrible Year of 1949 China becomes Communist – Mao Zedong USSR detonates 1 st atom bomb Truman & Democrats – “too soft on Communism”

Chiang Kai-Shek

Mao Zedong

Cold War under Ike Brinkmanship – threat of massive retaliation (nukes) – John Foster Dulles Used the CIA – Covert(secretive) means to gather info or take action Led coup d'états against Iran and Guatemala Eisenhower Doctrine – offered mil. aid to any Mid East nation resisting communist rule U-2 Incident – US spy plane was shot down over USSR – Bad relations btw Ike and Khruschev

Dulles

Ike

U-2 Plane

Francis Gary Powers

Nikita Khruschev