Unit 3-B (B): Older Brain Structures

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Presentation transcript:

Unit 3-B (B): Older Brain Structures Mr. McCormick A.P. Psychology

Do-Now (Discussion) What type of information can be gained through the following neurological measurement tools? E.E.G. (Electroencephalogram) C.T. (Computed Tomography) Scan P.E.T. (Positron Emission Tomography) Scan M.R.I. (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) f.M.R.I. (Functional M.R.I.)

The Brain Brain-to-Body Weight Ratios of Living Organisms: Dinosaurs: Elephants: 1/600th Mice: 1/40th Marmosets: 1/25th

Other than size, what else determines a species’ intelligence? The Brain Other than size, what else determines a species’ intelligence?

Older Brain Structures: The Brainstem The complexities of brain structures serve as indicators of a species’ intellectual capacities Brainstem: Oldest part and central core of the brain Beginning where the spinal cord swells as it enters the skull Function: Automatic survival functions

Older Brain Structures: The Brainstem Medulla: Base of the brainstem Functions: Controls heartbeat Controls breathing Pons: Located above the medulla Function: Coordinates movement Reticular Formation: A nerve network in the brainstem Controlling arousal

Older Brain Structures: The Brainstem What types of automatic survival functions are controlled by the brainstem? How do the medulla and reticular formation interact with the autonomic nervous system? How do the pons interact with the somatic nervous system?

Older Brain Structures: The Brainstem and Thalamus

Older Brain Structures: The Thalamus & Cerebellum Brain’s sensory switchboard Located on top of the brainstem Functions: Directs messages to the sensory receiving areas in the cortex Transmits replies to the cerebellum and medulla Cerebellum: “Little Brain” Located at rear of brainstem Processing sensory input Coordinating movement output and balance

Older Brain Structures: The Thalamus & Cerebellum With which types of neurons does the thalamus interact? With which types of neurons does the cerebellum interact?

Older Brain Structures: The Cerebellum

Older Brain Structures: The Limbic System Doughnut-shaped neural system Located below the cerebral hemispheres Includes: Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus Functions: Linked to Emotions/Drives

Older Brain Structures: The Limbic System

Older Brain Structures: The Limbic System Hippocampus: Function: Processes Memory Amygdala: Two lima bean-sized neural clusters Linked to Emotion Hypothalamus: Located below the thalamus Functions: Maintenance activities: eating, drinking, body temperature Helps govern endocrine system (via pituitary gland) Linked to emotion and reward

Older Brain Structures: The Limbic System Imagine that you encounter an angry cat. Its back is arched, fur is fluffed, and pupils are dilated. Which division of the autonomic nervous system is activated by this stimulation of its amygdala (neural center of emotion)?

Brain Structures and their Functions

Review Describe the functions of the following parts of the brain: Brainstem Medulla Pons Reticular Formation Thalamus Cerebellum Limbic System: Hippocampus Amygdala Hypothalamus

Homework Unit 3 Key People: Research Study Response #1: “One Brain or Two?” (Pgs. 1-11) Unit 3-B Quiz: “The Brain” Unit 3 Project: “3-D Brain Model”