Contraception

Safe sex versus safer sex The term “Safe sex” is misleading. No sex is the only truly safe sex. Protected sex should therefore be renamed “Safer sex”, since it is safer than unprotected sex, yet still not completely safe. In essence, any attempt to prevent the exchange of body fluids during sexual contact is safer than no protection at all. Safer sex also means discussing the use of condoms before intercourse, limiting the number of sexual partners, knowing a partner’s sexual and drug-use history, and not being sexually involved with someone who has an active infection. The safest route of all is abstinence.

Abstinence The only known way to prevent any kind of sexually transmitted infections to abstain from sexual contact. What strategies do you think would be effective in selling contraception to teenagers? Why do some teenagers have sex before they are ready? What can they do when faced with these issues?

Choices Abstinence – not having sex 100% effective in preventing STI’s and Pregnancy One in five Americans have genital herpes, yet at least 80 percent of those with herpes are unaware they have it About 50 percent to 80 percent of US adults have oral herpes OR Herpes simplex Virus . (JHU)

BARRIER METHODS Barrier Methods – Physical barrier to stop sperm from coming into contact with an egg Diaphragm, Cervical Cap, Female Condom At least one in four Americans will contract an STD at some point in their lives

PROTECTION Male Condoms Thin cover that fits over an erect penis, sperm is deposited into condom instead of vagina. Latex or Polyurethane Over – the – Counter Put on before penis touches female genitalia 98% Effective

PROTECTION Spermacide – Chemicals that kill sperm Foams, Creams, Jellies Inserted into vagina before sex Water- Based, Not Oil - Oil damages latex Nonoxynol – 9 , Spermicidal Lubricant More than 5 million people are infected with HPV each year

Hormonal Methods Hormonal Method – Doses of hormones to prevent pregnancy by stopping ovulation Birth Control Pills – Prevents ovulation by suppressing the natural hormones that would stimulate an ovary to release an egg 99% effective when taken properly, taken daily Does not protect against STD’s

IUD Hormonal Non-Hormonal Release progestin Thicken cervical mucus, endometrium does not grow, reduces menstrual bleeding. Non-Hormonal Copper acts as spermicide, weakening the sperm or destroying it.

PREVENTING PREGNANCY Injectables – Shots that contain hormones to prevent pregnancy Every 3 Months 99% effective Does not protect against STI’s The Patch Nuvaring – Vaginal ring folded & inserted high into the vagina Release hormones Replace every 3 weeks Condom back - up

Surgical Vasectomy Tubal Ligation Cutting of Vas Deferens Prevent release of sperm during Ejaculation Permanent After 1-2 months 99.85% effective. Tubes Tied Banded, cauterized, tied and cut Permanent  5 out of 1,000 women after 1 year. 5 years following tubal ligation, about 13 out of 1,000 women will have become pregnant

Natural Methods The calendar rhythm method- calculating a woman's fertile period on the calendar. Calculated by last 12 menstrual periods to avoid ovulation. Withdrawal 75%-80% 1 out of 4 Hope

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2HNXyNBK58s