INITIATING and DEVELOPING RESEARCH Prof. Dr. Benyamin Kusumoputro Computational Intelligence Research Lab. Faculty of Computer Science University of Indonesia

Who am I Education 1981 ITB (S-1) Fisika 1981 ITB (S-1) Fisika 1984 UI-Tokyo Inst. of Tech. (S-2) Optoelectronics 1984 UI-Tokyo Inst. of Tech. (S-2) Optoelectronics 1993 Tokyo Inst. of Tech Tokyo Inst. of Tech. (S-3) Japan, EE Depart. (S-3) Japan, EE Depart. Research Funds RUT III (peneliti) RUT III (peneliti) RUT IV (PI) RUT IV (PI) RUT VI (PI) RUT VI (PI) DCRG (PI) DCRG (PI) RU-UI (PI) RU-UI (PI) QUE Project (part) QUE Project (part) RUT X (PI) RUT X (PI) RUTI IV (PI) RUTI IV (PI) Tokyo Inst. of Tech Tokyo Inst. of Tech Hibah Pasca DikNas Hibah Pasca DikNas 2005 Vis Prof. TITECH 2005 Vis Prof. TITECH 2006 Vis Prof. Nagoya Univ Vis Prof. Nagoya Univ Vis.Prof. KAIST Korea Vis.Prof. KAIST Korea

What Is Research?? RE of SEARCH ing…. never ending of doing searching RE of SEARCH ing…. never ending of doing searching What we are Searching for? What we are Searching for? novel contribution to the community of science and the community of whom the science is used Fields of Contributions : Fields of Contributions : –Novel / originality of Problems (materials, thoughts) –Novel / originality of Methods –Novel / originality of Analysis never proposed from other reseacher(s)

First Originality New Problems (different characteristics) New Problem (materials, thoughts) creates New Problem (materials, thoughts) creates –New Phenomena –New Methodology –New Analysis (even using old methodologies) Example: Example: –Newton Law ‘valid’ for meter orde –How ‘valid’ using nano orde (?) Originality : Originality : –(first) : Newton Law ‘not valid’ for nano orde –(second) : proposed novel methodology –(third) : proposed new analysis –(fourth) : proposed new material

Second Originality Novel Methodology Novel Methodology creates Novel Methodology creates –New Analysis –New Materials –New Methodology Novel Method for New Material (problems) Novel Method for New Material (problems) –Kuantum Mechanics for nano orde Novel Method for Old Material ( nano orde not new anymore ) Novel Method for Old Material ( nano orde not new anymore ) –Kuantum Mechanics for STM (scanning tunneling microscope)

Third Originality Novel Analysis Novel Analysis comes from Novel Analysis comes from –Phenomena of New Materials –Phenomena of New Methodology Novel Analysis for new methods Novel Analysis for new methods Novel Analysis for old methods on new materials Novel Analysis for old methods on new materials Novel Analysis creates Novel Analysis creates –Novel Materials –Novel Methodology –Novel Analysis

Chain of Originalities Developing New Materials Developing New Materials –Triggered novel methodology –Triggered novel analysis Developing Novel Methodology Developing Novel Methodology –Triggered novel analysis –Triggered development of new materials Developing Novel Analysis Developing Novel Analysis –Triggered development of new materials –Triggered novel methodology

Initiating Research Chain of Originality of research forms a cycle Chain of Originality of research forms a cycle Cutting in every points will create another originality Cutting in every points will create another originality Where to start? Where to start? How to create originality ? How to create originality ? How to accelerate research? How to accelerate research? How to get research funds? How to get research funds?

Where to Start Starts with the most potential you have Starts with the most potential you have –Scope of your expertise –Journal references, researchers linkage –Accumulate dedicated researchers around Starts with minimal failure risk Starts with minimal failure risk –Financial, time –Empathy and sympathy of research group –Doing the small thing first, but fast Looking and matching Research Topic Looking and matching Research Topic –RUT, RUTI, International Funds

Development of Novel Methods Higher impact on Originality Higher impact on Originality Ignite more Contributions on Chains of Originality Ignite more Contributions on Chains of Originality Most difficult to achieve Most difficult to achieve High quality of infrastructure, man power High quality of infrastructure, man power Research Team, Research Group, Consistent development. Research Team, Research Group, Consistent development.

A Good Research Topic looking for unsolved problems looking for unsolved problems still important and prospectus (5 -10 years) still important and prospectus (5 -10 years) interesting to the research community (scientific innovations) interesting to the research community (scientific innovations) interesting to the industrial community (applications innovations) interesting to the industrial community (applications innovations) match with institutional funding scheme match with institutional funding scheme

Scope of Research Initiative Too broad is not deep : rarely produce originality Too broad is not deep : rarely produce originality Too narrow looks easy Too narrow looks easy Too constrained is bad : rarely produce field of applications Too constrained is bad : rarely produce field of applications Too unconstrained is bad : almost impossible, showing un-capability Too unconstrained is bad : almost impossible, showing un-capability “Telescoping” is best “Telescoping” is best

Sistematika Melakukan Riset (proses mencari berkesinambungan) 1.Membaca dan mengerti materi makalah jurnal acuan 2.Meniru dan memahami materi makalah jurnal acuan 3.Memahami mengapa dan bagaimana penulis mendapatkan orijinalitasnya 4.Melakukan pencaharian orijinalitas 5.Melakukan eksperimen 6.Menulis ilmiah

How to Accelerate Research Write related research topic Write related research topic –Annotated bibliographies –Literature surveys (including open challenges) Replicate and change the previous work Replicate and change the previous work –Re-implement –Re-derive –Re-experiment Start varying parameters, assumptions, environments Start varying parameters, assumptions, environments –Different characteristics –Different models –Different tools and equipments

The Research Process Research is not linear Research is not linear Balance your time among Balance your time among –reading –writing –thinking –doing and between and between –narrow focus –broad focus

How to get Research funds Read journal papers to become an expert Read journal papers to become an expert Be an expert then produce high-quality research Be an expert then produce high-quality research Produce high-quality research then looking for research funds Produce high-quality research then looking for research funds don’t think reversely

Words from the Wise (tricks to accelerate)

Peters’ Criteria for Research Topics Financial support Financial support Interest to you Interest to you Extendability after completion Extendability after completion Controversy Controversy Time to complete Time to complete “Hotness” “Hotness” Advisor’s enthusiasm Advisor’s enthusiasm Closeness to advisor’s research Closeness to advisor’s research Depth of existing research Depth of existing research Duplication or uniqueness Duplication or uniqueness Narrow focus Narrow focus Tractability Tractability Peters p. 189

Hamming’s Advice Work on important problems Work on important problems Commit yourself emotionally to your work Commit yourself emotionally to your work Work hard Work hard Tolerate uncertainty Tolerate uncertainty Generalize Generalize Don’t make excuses Don’t make excuses Sell yourself and your work Sell yourself and your work Don’t fight the system Don’t fight the system Be collegial Be collegial Look for the positive Look for the positive Know your strengths and weaknesses Know your strengths and weaknesses

Research Advice from CRA-W Start with problems, not with solutions Start with problems, not with solutions –I have a hammer! Where’s the nearest nail? –Ideally, focus on a general problem or class of applications Question assumptions Question assumptions –...of your work and previous work Break your research into manageable pieces Break your research into manageable pieces Know how you will evaluate your method Know how you will evaluate your method –Understand the standard methodologies for your field –Identify evaluation metrics –Develop baseline methods and benchmark problems Have long-term and short-term goals Have long-term and short-term goals Sell yourself and your work Sell yourself and your work

From Me…. Make Research Collaboration, Team and positioning yourself inside..the structure Make Research Collaboration, Team and positioning yourself inside..the structure Be a good colleague Be a good colleague –Help your advisor, other students, other faculty, colleagues –Collaborate! Use other activities to benefit your research Use other activities to benefit your research Announce your accomplishments Announce your accomplishments Seek out supportive environments Seek out supportive environments

Thank you Thank you