KAZAKHSTAN LEGACY OF MISERY LIVES ON

LEGACY OF MISERY LIVES ON IN KAZAKHSTAN Sixty years ago, the Soviet Union detonated its first nuclear weapon, nicknamed "First Lightning", at a test facility on the steppe of northeast Kazakhstan (formerly the Kazakh SSR). The test site, named the Semipalatinsk Polygon, would go on to host 456 atomic explosions over its 40-year existence. Residents in the surrounding area became unwitting guinea pigs, exposed to the after effects of the bombs both intentionally and unintentionally. The radiation has silently devastated three generations of people in Kazakhstan - the total number affected is thought to be more than one million - creating health problems ranging from thyroid diseases, cancer, birth defects, deformities, premature aging, and cardiovascular diseases. Life expectancy in the area is seven years less than the national average of Kazakhstan. (The music in this presentation was chosen as a tribute to Berik – see slide 13)

Nurse Larissa Soboleva holds two-year-old Adil Zhilyaev in an orphanage in Semey, Kazakhstan. October 24, Adil was born blind and afflicted with Infantile Cereberal Paralysis (ICP) and hydrocephalia, as a result of his mothers exposure to radiation during years of Soviet weapons testing during the Cold War. He was abandoned by his parents, and is now cared for in an orphanage.

Mayra bathes her daughter, Zhannoor, in Semey, Kazakhstan on March 2, Zhannoor, 16, was born with microcephalia and sixth-degree scoleosis - a twisted spine because of exposure to high levels of radiation. The defect harmed Zhannoor's brain development as if she were in a permanent vegetative state. She cannot think, speak or perform basic functions.

Mayra feeds her daughter, Zhannoor in their home in Semey, October 21, 2009.

Mayra Zhumageldina massages her daughter, Zhannoor, before bed in their home in Semey,

Mayra Zhumageldina and her 16-year-old daughter, Zhannoor outside their home in Semey

Mayra Zhumageldina and her daughter, Zhannoor in Semey

The sun sets over Semey, Kazakhstan on March 3, 2009.

A woman at a Russian Orthodox church in Kurchatov, Kazakhstan rings bells for Christmas Eve services January 6, Kurchatov was was once the epicenter of Soviet nuclear weapons research and development during the cold war, housing scientists and nuclear technicians.

Berik Syzdykov sits in bed in his mother in law's home inside the nuclear polygon in Kazakhstan February 25, He was born deformed, and blind as a result of radiation exposure in the womb.

Berik Syzdykov (right) reaches out for the hand of his mother-in-law, Bibigul, in her home in Kazakhstan

Berik Syzdykov, 29, sings and plays piano in an apartment in Semey, Kazakhstan November 19, Berik learned to play piano and fell in love with opera when he travelled to Italy for an operation on his face. (The music in this presentation was chosen as a tribute to Berik)

Berik Syzdykov is led outside by his mother in Semey, on Tuesday, November 19, 2008.

Berik Syzdykov outside on a hill overlooking the Kazakh city of Semey

Nuclear scientists use geiger counters to test radiation levels at the site of the first surface atomic explosion at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Polygon in Kazakhstan January 6, Over four hundred nuclear weapons were test detonated by the Soviet Union during the Cold War, leaving the area highly radioactive and dangerous to visit.

A nuclear scientist uses a geiger counter to test radiation levels at the site of the first surface atomic explosion at the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Polygon in Kazakhstan.

Autistic 7-year-old Valeria Zholdina plays with fiber optic lights in a rehabilitation centre in Semey, Kazakhstan January 15, She was born with a developmental problems, and only recently learned to walk. The lights are designed to develop motor control skills.

13-year-old Zhanbolat Turysbekov watches television as his sister Aida plays in their house in Semey, Kazakhstan November 26, Both were born with spinal amytrophy, and are unable to walk

Nikita Bochkaryov, 18, is bathed by his father in Semey, Kazakhstan. Nikita, who has infantile cerebral palsy, cannot control his limbs and requires his parents' constant care.

Nikita Bochkaryov is dressed by his father Andrei after being bathed in Semey, Kazakhstan on January 12, 2009.

Nikita Bochkaryov and his younger brother Daniel in their apartment in Semey.

Nikita Bochkaryov types with a stick attached to a helmet during a Russian grammar lesson with a teacher, in his apartment in Semey, Kazakhstan January 14, His life exists on the Internet, where his mind is liberated from his physical disability, enabling him to write stories, letters and poems, and communicate with his loved ones.

Starlight illuminates a building in the abandoned military town of Chagan, next to the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Polygon in Kazakhstan February 27, The city was once a military airbase during the Cold War, with planes ready to drop nuclear payloads. It was abandoned after nuclear tests ended following the fall of the Soviet Union, leaving a ghost town in the middle of the steppe.

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