Stereotypes & Framework in conceptual architecture Lecture

The first alternative 2 1. Underline the key concepts in the requirements, (ask yourself does this concept relates to the functionality?) 2. Copy key concepts onto a sheet of paper, (consider each one to see if it is a viable component) 3. Draw the components and add connectors, (add arrows and labels)

Obtain a system narrative Custom Shooz plan to advertise using conventional means, but want the website to be a location where customers can find out about their custom range, get the measurement kit, and customize and order shoes. They also want the site to interface to their accounting system. The President of Custom Shooz, Funk O. Sole, explains: “So, what we did was develop a little measurement kit that we send out to folks and they have to send it back. We've improved it over the last couple of years so that it's almost foolproof. Once we have the customer's measurement kit in, we can produce almost any shoe from our range - all the custom stuff, like stitched-on patterns, dye colours and finishes, laces and buckles, can be done without them ever being within a thousand miles of our store!” 3

Identify key concepts Custom Shooz plan to advertise using conventional means, but want the website to be a location where customers can find out about their custom range, get the measurement kit, and customize and order shoes. They also want the site to interface to their accounting system. The President of Custom Shooz, Funk O. Sole, explains: “So, what we did was develop a little measurement kit that we send out to folks and they have to send it back. We've improved it over the last couple of years so that it's almost foolproof. Once we have the customer's measurement kit in, we can produce almost any shoe from our range - all the custom stuff, like stitched-on patterns, dye colours and finishes, laces and buckles, can be done without them ever being within a thousand miles of our store!” 4

Draw and connect HTTP Acct I/F Order shoe Public page Personal page Customer acct Product range Customise shoe Templates Shoe production Customer measurements 5

The second alternative  Assign every possible concept from the requirements to a category:  Data:  Data: information that is stored, processed, etc. Not directly a component but you might need components for data management  Function:  Function: Something done by something - typically components  Stakeholder:  Stakeholder: users, organizations - never components 6

The second alternative  Assign every possible concept in a system narrative to a category:  System:  System: external systems - sometimes you need an interface component  Hardware:  Hardware: physical components  Abstract concept:  Abstract concept: explanation of something - hardly ever components 7

Refine to components Advertise - abstract concept  X Website - abstract concept  implementation Customers - stakeholder  Customer account + Personalised page Custom range - Data  Product range Measurement kit - Data  Customer measurements Customise shoe - Function Order shoe - Function Accounting I/F - external system  Acct I/F Produce shoe - function/external system  Shoe production Patterns and finishes - part of Customise shoe 8

Refine the architecture  Add or split components  Clarify responsibilities  Identify stereotypes  Create data models  Explore behaviour A component is a set of related responsibilities. So, split a component if responsibilities are not related … Replication can be considered at this stage, to account for performance and availability needs 9

A stereotype indicates that a component (or in UML, a class) has certain properties or attributes. Conceptual stereotypes Does a component have special types of responsibilities? User presentation Persistent storage Real-time response 10

Component stereotypes 11  Adding semantics to components through stereotypes  Tagging components to indicate certain properties  Presentation component  Presentation component: interactions with users  Persistent storage  Persistent storage: persistent/permanent data or data from external systems  Real-time components  Real-time components: components that handle requests quickly

Custom Shooz architecture with stereotypes Public Page Personal Page Customer accounts Customer meas. Product range Order shoesCustomise shoes Shoe production Browse products Templates Acct I/F HTTP 12

Data models  A data model captures the essential structure of data:  Data along connectors  Persistent data Student ID : integer Subject ID : integer points : integer Major name : String enrolled-in currently-taking 0..* 13

What is behaviour A system has function, structure and behaviour Behaviour is the set of actions that the system performs Behaviour can be explored through: Use Case maps Sequence diagrams 14

Extract events from narratives tracking data sort the data export Julie is interested in correlating sightings in the Northern beaches area of Sydney with bushfire patterns. She brings up tracking data for the last five years and proceeds to sort the data, and then export it into a form that it can be used by a statistical analysis package Request Historical Tracking Data Sort Historical Tracking Data Export Historical Tracking Data 15

Events trigger use-case maps  Use-case maps allow us to visualise a path of action through a system  A trace shows the sequence of activities  Activity is triggered by an event  Each time the trace crosses a component, it exercises a responsibility CompB Data Comp A Comp C Resp C1 EventName RespB3 Resp A2 Use-case maps facilitate understanding of macroscopic behaviour 16

Conceptual Architecture Framework 17

 Business architecture layer: business activitiesobjectives  The business architecture layer contains an overview of all business activities, their objectives including the relations between each other from a business point of view. rolesorganizational units  It defines the necessary roles and organizational units that are involved in these activities. strategic decisions  The business architecture has to ensure that process- related to strategic decisions are based on current visions and business objectives. 18 Conceptual Architecture Framework

19  Application architecture layer:  The application architecture consists of “a set of applications and their interactions” assigned  The different business processes are assigned to several functions provided by the applications. understanding  The main focus of the application architecture lies on understanding all the functions and their interrelations that help to construct and maintain the architecture. business constraints technical constraints  Beside any business constraints (like defined roles or locations) also technical constraints like standards and trends (XML, Web Services) should be considered.

 Data architecture layer:  It defines: “what data is needed to meet user needs and how this data is conceptually structured” source systems  It examines the completeness and correctness of source systems that are needed to obtain data and identifies the data facts and dimensions. data models  It also defines data models, and helps to establishes a set up for metadata infrastructure. standards  The data architecture defines the applicable standards concerning the data management, distribution and access. 20 Conceptual Architecture Framework

 Technical architecture layer: required infrastructure  Here, focus is on the description of required infrastructure elements like hardware and software and their relationships, as well as possibilities for consistency and sharing between different systems. technologies  Moreover, the technical architecture defines technologies that support applications and data management, services and protocols, as well as development methods and tools. 21 Conceptual Architecture Framework

 Evolution aspects  System technical aspects  Quality surveillance & assurance  Capacity planning  User support  Protection & security management  Evolution control  Strategy & platform 22