US ENTERS WWII

EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Neutrality Act of 1939FDR allowed British & French to buy US war supplies Used cash & carry principle (pay cash for supplies, transport them yourselfUS doesnt get involved) Destroyers-for-Bases– trade US destroyers for naval bases in N & S America US expands all over world Lend-Lease ActCongress loaned Britain war supplies US tied to Britain by $

EARLY US INVOLVEMENT Atlantic Chartersigned by FDR & Churchill in 1941 Atlantic Chartersigned by FDR & Churchill in 1941 Right of all nations to self-determination (deciding their future for themselves) Right of all nations to self-determination (deciding their future for themselves) US & Britain wouldnt try to gain territories from war US & Britain wouldnt try to gain territories from war Disarmamentremoval of weapons from aggressors (Italy, Germany) Disarmamentremoval of weapons from aggressors (Italy, Germany) Permanent system of general security in future Permanent system of general security in future Beginnings of UN Beginnings of UN

ATTACK ON PEARL HARBOR US opposed Japanese invasion of China (Manchuria) Japanese believed that if US entered war, they would be against Japanese invasion of Indonesia December 7, 1941Japanese kamikaze pilots attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Sank 19 ships, destroyed 150 planes, killed 2335 soldiers & sailors US declared war on Japan Germany & Italy declared war on US

TAKING SIDES Allies Britain, France, US, Russia (eventually) Allies Britain, France, US, Russia (eventually) Axis Germany, Italy, Japan Axis Germany, Italy, Japan

US MOBILIZATION Arsenal of DemocracyUS was only country that could produce goods for AlliesArsenal of DemocracyUS was only country that could produce goods for Allies Make war goods, not consumer goods Make war goods, not consumer goods Military enlistment men required to register for selective service in 1940 Military enlistment men required to register for selective service in million men & women serving in armed forces million men & women serving in armed forces African Americans placed in segregated units African Americans placed in segregated units

MOBILIZATION AT HOME Women returned to workforce Worked in support services in combat (not in active military) Govt financing US citizens bought war bonds to help pay for war Celebrities served in military or organized trips to entertain troops (USO)

MOBILIZATION AT HOME Rationing factories changed production from consumer to military goods Consumer goods limited (clothing, sugar, meat, rubber, gasoline) Coupon book told people when they could buy certain things and what they could buy

WWII in North Africa WHY? –Suez Canal –Shipping in Mediterranean Sea Operation Torch –Nov –Push Axis off N. Africa Erwin Rommel

WWII in Italy July 1943 George Patton attacks Sicily Mussolini arrested No surrender from German troops Very bloody fighting 1945 Italy surrenders

The USSR June 1941Hitler broke Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact & invaded USSR June 1941Hitler broke Nazi-Soviet Non-Aggression Pact & invaded USSR USSR entered war on side of Allies USSR entered war on side of Allies US provided support to USSR through Lend- Lease US provided support to USSR through Lend- Lease Battle of Stalingrad Battle of Stalingrad Hitler defeated by Russian winter Hitler defeated by Russian winter

EUROPEAN THEATER US helped Allies defeat Germany & Italy before going after Japan US helped Allies defeat Germany & Italy before going after Japan StalingradGermans defeated in S. Russia (August 1942-January 1943) StalingradGermans defeated in S. Russia (August 1942-January 1943) Russian winter caught Germans off guard Russian winter caught Germans off guard Convinced Hitler that Germany could not advance East Convinced Hitler that Germany could not advance East El AlameinBritish defeated Germans in N. Africa (Oct. 1942) El AlameinBritish defeated Germans in N. Africa (Oct. 1942) German general Erwin Rommel pushed out of Egypt into Tunisia German general Erwin Rommel pushed out of Egypt into Tunisia Removed threat of German attack from South Removed threat of German attack from South

D-Day Tehran ConferenceDec Tehran ConferenceDec BIG THREE BIG THREE Attack on France Attack on France Operation OverlordOperation Overlord Dwight D. EisenhowerDwight D. Eisenhower D-Day June 6, 1944 D-Day June 6, 1944 Normandy Normandy Paris freed August 25, 1944 Paris freed August 25, 1944

Battle of the Bulge German attempt to divide Allies German attempt to divide Allies

Victory in Europe Yalta ConferenceFeb Yalta ConferenceFeb BIG THREE BIG THREE What happens after the war? What happens after the war? Soviet Union:Soviet Union: Declare war on Japan Declare war on Japan Free elections in E. Europe Free elections in E. Europe Keeps Poland temporarily Keeps Poland temporarily ½ of all war reparations from Germany ½ of all war reparations from Germany GermanyGermany Divided into 4 pieces (US, France, GB, USSR) Divided into 4 pieces (US, France, GB, USSR) Establish UN Establish UN

V-E Day FDR diesApr. 12, 1945 FDR diesApr. 12, 1945 Hitlers suicideApr. 30, 1945 Hitlers suicideApr. 30, 1945 Unconditional surrender of Germany Unconditional surrender of Germany V-E DAYMay 8, 1945 V-E DAYMay 8, 1945 Victory in Europe Victory in Europe

PACIFIC THEATER US forced to fight on 2 fronts US forced to fight on 2 fronts –Free Europe –Keep Japanese from expanding Japan controlled most of Asia & S. Pacific islands Japan controlled most of Asia & S. Pacific islands

MAJOR TURNING POINTS Battle of Coral Seafirst defeat of Japanese navy (May 1942) Battle of MidwayUS defeated Japan & kept them from moving East (June 1942) Guadalcanalfirst US offensive in Pacific (Aug Feb. 1943) Iwo Jimaused as stopping point for raids on Japan (Feb.-Mar. 1945) Okinawaone of worst battles in Pacific (June-July 1945) Used as base for planned invasion of Japan

ATOMIC BOMB Albert Einstein (German Jew) fled Holocaust to work for US Manhattan Projectcode name for project that created atomic bomb before Germany Truman used bomb to achieve final, quick victory over Japan Dropped on Hiroshima & Nagasaki Led to surrender of Japan