Transition of Glycolysis to Krebs Cycle: 1) Pyruvates enter mitochondria via. transport proteins 2) Pyruvates converts to Acetyl CoA

Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA 0xidized

Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA

Transition from Glycolysis to Krebs cycle:->Acetyl CoA X 2

As a result of the transition to Krebs Cycle : The Krebs Cycle: Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized 2 Pyruvate --> 2 acetyl CoA (therefore Kreb’s will run TWO turns of the Krebs cycle for each original glucose molecule!!!) 2 NADH & 2 CO2

Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized The Krebs Cycle: The Krebs Cycle: Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria.

Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized The Krebs Cycle: The Krebs Cycle: Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria Pyruvate from glycolysis is converted to acetyl Co A and metabolized Occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria. 8 steps remember: Pyruvates (from glycolysis) have been converted to Acetyl CoA, THIS will now be metabolized.

Acetyl CoA joins to the 4 carbon compound Oxaloacetate = c-c-c-c-c-c

S-CoA removed = now Citrate

2) H2O given off & added ISOMER

3) CO2 is given off c-c-c-c-c oxidized --> NAD+ --> NADH + H+ -->  Ketoglutarate

4)CO2 is given off c-c-c-c oxidized via. NAD+ --> NADH CoA attaches --> Succinyl CoA

5) CoA given off phosphate group given to ADP via. GTP ADP --> ATP Succinate

6) 2 Hydrogens reduce FAD FAD --> FADH2 Fumarate

7) Addition of H2O -->Malate

8) NAD+ --> NADH reduced Oxalocetate

Products = 3 NADH X2 1 FADH2 X2 2 CO2 X2 1 ATP X2 6NADH 2FADH2 2ATP

Electron Transort Chain

Electron Transport Chain: Occurs in the cristae (folds) of inner membrane of mitochondria. end result = 34 ATPs

Electron Transport Chain: How does it work… 1)HIGH ENERGY electrons “shuttle” from one “acceptor molecule” to another.

This “collection” of proteins that are structurally linked

Electron Transport Chain: How does it work… 1)HIGH ENERGY electrons “shuttle” from one acceptor molecule to another. At each “stop”, e-’s are transferred between molecules- they are reduced and then oxidized

Electron Transport Chain: How does it work… The last molecule in the chain passes e-’s to Oxygen--> VERY electronegative. Oxygen then “picks up” 2 H+ --> H2O.

Electron Transport Chain: these electron transferers -> fuel the pumping of H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the inner membrane space

Electron Transport Chain:

ATP synthase= ENZYME Inner membrane space Matrix

It’s a “mill” ATP synthase= ENZYME INTERMEMBRANE SPACE H+ A rotor within the membrane spins as shown when H+ flows past it down the H+ gradient. H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ H+ A stator anchored in the membrane holds the knob stationary. It’s a “mill” A rod (or “stalk”) extending into the knob also spins, activating catalytic sites in the knob. H+ Three catalytic sites in the stationary knob join inorganic phosphate to ADP to make ATP. ADP + P ATP MITOCHONDRAL MATRIX

Energy, b/c of the. H+ gradient Energy, b/c of the H+ gradient.. That is chemiosmotic to the educated student!!, powers the “mill”. Inner membrane space

electrons are “grabbed” and H+’s are “squirted” into the inner mitochondrial space. http://www2.nl.edu/jste/electron_transport_system.htm

The electron transport chain thus establishes a proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Chemiosmosis: potential energy stored in the gradient is released and captured to form ATP from ADP and phosphate via the enzyme: ATP Synthase.

34 ATP’s result!! Every 1 NADH -> 3ATP Every 1 FADH2-> 2ATP

Lets practice…

Are the pieces coming together?