S-L-E-D Method Checklist for incorporating (sliding in) quotes into writing O S = SET-UP  Give background/context for quote O L = LEAD-IN  Bring quotes naturally into your sentence O E = EXCERPT  Use only the words necessary for your point to be made O D = DEVELOPMENT  Explain the point you’re making with the quote

S = SET-UP My quoted text is going to be about workers and low pay, so my set-up needs to relate to my topic. O There have been an increasing number of studies conducted about low-wage earners since the Great Recession. Signals research is coming… Signals topic focus

L = LEAD-IN + E = EXCERPT O According to an article published in 2011 on the U.S. Department of Labor website, “nearly 72% of workers who reentered the workforce [since the recession] have worked for significantly less pay than they were making before the recession” (“Recession Hits Workers” 4). Mention general source; lead-in is a fragment to which you’ll add the excerpt Citation. If no author, use shortened title

D = DEVELOPMENT O Make clear point based on the quoted text. O This is what you figured out based on the excerpt you chose to include. O This illustrates how difficult it has been for those making above minimum wage, but who still qualify as low-wage earners, to rebound in this economy. Furthermore, one can see the need for additional skill training so workers can be hired at higher paying jobs. Transition

Seeing the S-L-E-D… (S) There have been an increasing number of studies conducted about low-wage earners since the Great Recession. (L) According to one article published in 2011 on the U.S. Department of Labor website, (E) “nearly 72% of workers who reentered the workforce [since the recession] have worked for significantly less pay than they were making before the recession” (“Recession Hits Workers” 4). (D) This illustrates how difficult it has been for those making above minimum wage, but who still qualify as low-wage earners, to rebound in this economy. Furthermore, one can see the need for additional skill training so workers can be hired at higher-paying jobs… …(begin setting up next point.)

Integration: Author’s Name As environmentalist Charles Bergman points out, “Wolves are intensely social animals, living in packs that are structured in rigid hierarchies. In the chain of power each wolf has a defined place on a ladder of dominance and submission” (31). A primary characteristic of wolves is how they are (Bergman 31). A primary characteristic of wolves is how they are “intensely social animals, living in packs that are structured in rigid hierarchies. In the chain of power each wolf has a defined place on a ladder of dominance and submission” (Bergman 31).

Integration: Title – The website Friends of the Forest describes the similarity between humans and wolves. It explains that “some wolves stay with their families until they die; others leave the pack during adolescence in search of uninhabited territory and a mate” (“Knowing Wolves” ). Title of specific web page is cited in ( ) since there is no author. Yellow = lead-in to quote for natural flow

Integration: Citing Mid-Text Found in a secondary source Although some statistics claim that “less than 1 percent of the sheep and cattle living in wolf range in Canada are killed by wolves annually,” according to the policy director of the National Wildlife Institute, “In Canada, 41 percent of livestock found dead have been killed by wolves” (qtd. in Richardson 30). The “quoted in” abbreviation is used in the citation because the author (Richardson) relied on another source for the statistic being quoted. It was not his statistic originally; therefore, you are the secondary user of the quoted statistic.

Citing Mid-Text (cont.) Quoting from an interview and setting up a quote: In an interview with veterinarian Dr. Marcella Cranford, an expert on wolf behavior, she stressed the importance of the pack mentality as a reason she is a proponent of wolf reintroduction: “Lone wolves don’t make it. They survive as a family, or they don’t survive at all.” - red text: reference to expert -orange text: set up for quoted passage -NOTE: A colon (:) is used because the quote is set up as a definition of her reason, not as a natural part of your sentence.

Clarity Don’t assume researchers just go looking anywhere for wolf research; in fact, it is a particular science. According to Dr. Phil Mitchem, “When looking at them [statistics involving wolves], I always ask my research assistants one question: ‘In what environment was this research conducted?’ and if their answer doesn’t match the goal of their project, they start over from scratch” (qtd. in Richardson 35). The opening sentence leads into the point you’re trying to make – wolf research is planned carefully. The brackets clarify what “them” means. Notice the set of single quotes inside the double quotes. These indicate something was spoken within a copied line of text from the source.