World War I Part II

Recap Stalemate on western front –Trench warfare Russia vs. Germany on eastern front front –Kept full German army from fighting at western front Fighting spreads to Africa and SE Asia

Great War Goes Global Japan and Australia join Allies Ottoman Empire and Bulgaria join Central Powers

Gallipoli Campaign Allies needed supply line to Russia Attack region in Ottoman Empire –Dardanelles Dardanelles –Began Feb –By May  Stalemate By Dec. Allies gave up –250,000 casualties

Japan take German outposts in China Japan captures Germany’s Pacific island colonies English and French take 3 German possessions in Africa

America Enters the War America Enters the War 2 events that forced US to join 1.Sinking of the Lusitania 2.Zimmerman note

The Lusitania May 7, 1915 –German u-boat sinks British passenger ship –1198 people dead 128 US citizens –German claimed ship was carrying ammo (it was) –Wilson protests

Jan –Germany announces that all ships around Britain will be sunk without warning – regardless of whose they are Unrestricted submarine warfare

The Zimmerman Note Feb British officials intercept telegram –Germany to Mexico If Mexico join with Germany  return Tex., Ariz., New Mex. to return Tex., Ariz., New Mex. to Mexico Mexico

Final straw Bond with Britain –Culturally –Economically April 2, 1917 United States declares war on Germany

Total War –Countries devote all resources to war Rationing –goods in short supply –People could only buy small amounts Propaganda –one sided info to persuade

Women in the War Replaced men in factories, offices, shops Built tanks, provided food, kept army supplied Nurses near front line

Balance tips with US joining Allies March 1917 –Czar Nicholas of Russia steps down (war-related shortages) Nov –Communist leader Vladimir Lenin seizes power

March 1918 Germany and Russia sign Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Germany concentrate all troops on western front May 1918 –German army reached Marne River (40 miles from Paris) –Were exhausted

July 1918 –Allies counterattack –140,000 new US soldiers Second Battle of the Marne –Allies slowly begin to push toward Germany –Bulgarians then Ottoman Empire surrender

October 1918 –Revolution in A-H –German soldiers rebel against Kaiser November 9, 1918 –Kaiser Wilhelm II steps down Germany declares itself a republic

November 11, 1918 Armistice is signed WWI is over