Imperialism in China Mr. Westfall’s World Studies

Traditional China Able to resist outside influence due to self-sufficiencyAble to resist outside influence due to self-sufficiency –Agriculture (rice, maize, sweet potatoes, peanuts) –Mining (salt, tin, silver, iron, ore) –Manufacturing (silks, cottons, porcelain) Trade was accepted in one port city but the balance of trade was in the Chinese favorTrade was accepted in one port city but the balance of trade was in the Chinese favor $(exported more than imported)$

OPIUM! Europeans wanted teaEuropeans wanted tea So they needed a product that would appeal to the Chinese (found in India)So they needed a product that would appeal to the Chinese (found in India) Opium was traditionally used for medicinal purposes onlyOpium was traditionally used for medicinal purposes only By 1835 as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to the drugBy 1835 as many as 12 million Chinese people were addicted to the drug

Opium War 1839 The Qing Emperor requests to end the opium trade went unansweredThe Qing Emperor requests to end the opium trade went unanswered The result was a clash between the British and Chinese mainly fought at seaThe result was a clash between the British and Chinese mainly fought at sea The Chinese outdated ships were no match for the British steam powered iron hulled shipsThe Chinese outdated ships were no match for the British steam powered iron hulled ships

Treaty of Nanjing 1842 Ended the Opium WarsEnded the Opium Wars Gave Britain Hong KongGave Britain Hong Kong Opened five ports to foreign trade and extraterritorial rightsOpened five ports to foreign trade and extraterritorial rights Resentment from the Chinese people towards the outsiders and Chinese gov’tResentment from the Chinese people towards the outsiders and Chinese gov’t

Growing Problems The new food introduced by the outside world cause a large population growthThe new food introduced by the outside world cause a large population growth –430 million in 1850 up 30% in 60 years Food production did not increase as fast as the populationFood production did not increase as fast as the population Opium addiction still on the riseOpium addiction still on the rise Failures in the Opium Wars also contributedFailures in the Opium Wars also contributed So what do you think this all leads to???So what do you think this all leads to???

Taiping Rebellion Lasted from Lasted from Hong Xiuquan said the Chinese people could share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in povertyHong Xiuquan said the Chinese people could share China’s vast wealth and no one would live in poverty The Taiping army would take a small portion of landThe Taiping army would take a small portion of land But would lose to Imperial, British and French troops in 1864But would lose to Imperial, British and French troops in 1864 At least 20 million people diedAt least 20 million people died

Boxer Rebellion 1899 Led by the “Society of Harmonious Fists”Led by the “Society of Harmonious Fists” In response to:In response to: –Loss in the Sino-Japanese War –US Open Door Policy (use to protect US interest) –Growing European influence in China (Sphere of Influence) –Mixed feeling about changes in society by the Gov’t (Self-strengthening movement) An army consisting of GB, France, Russia, Japan and US put down the Rebellion in 1900An army consisting of GB, France, Russia, Japan and US put down the Rebellion in 1900

China 1911 Chinese Revolution1911 Chinese Revolution –Republic (Sun Yixian) NationalismNationalism DemocracyDemocracy LivelihoodLivelihood –Guomindang – Chinese Nationalists Party Split into socialists/Communists and ConservativesSplit into socialists/Communists and Conservatives 1921 CCP Created1921 CCP Created –Anti-Western Warlords –Soviet Union

China 1927 Chinese Civil War Begins1927 Chinese Civil War Begins –Nationalists (Kaishek) –Communists (Zedong) 1934 The Long March1934 The Long March –Mao Zedong –Red Army –Nationalists policies backfire 1937 Communists and Nationalists make a truce to fight Japanese1937 Communists and Nationalists make a truce to fight Japanese