America Claims an Empire: Chapter 10 US History Mr. Basich

Timeline: What’s Going On? United States: 1898 – The Spanish American War Begins 1914 – The Panama Canal opens 1917 – The United States enters WW I World: 1895 - Technology is developed for the modern radio. 1910 – The Mexican Revolution begins 1914 – WW I Begins in Europe

Section 1: Objectives By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism. 2. Describe how the United States acquired Alaska. 3. Summarize how the United States took over the Hawaiian Islands.

Section 1: Imperialism and America Main Idea: Beginning in 1867 and continuing through the century, global competition caused the United States to expand. Why it Matters Now: During this time period, the United States acquired Hawaii and Alaska, both of which became states in 1959. Key Terms: Imperialism Pearl Harbor Key Names: Queen Liliuokalani Alfred T. Mahan William Seward Sanford B. Dole

Imperialism and America: Throughout the 19th century America expanded control of the continent to the Pacific Ocean Thus began America’s foray into Imperialism – the policy in which stronger nations extend control over weaker nations This was becoming the trend around the world.

Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? – Part 1 1) Desire for Military strength Alfred Mahan (Admiral of US Navy) advised for a strong navy America wanted to establish itself as a global military presence US became the third largest navel power.

Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? – Part 2 2) Thirst for new markets – to spur economy & trade United States was producing far more than they needed. (time to export) This would create more jobs and invigorate the economy

Why Would A Country Believe in Imperialism? – Part 3 3) Belief in Cultural Superiority – a belief that Anglo-Saxons were superior Many Americans believed that the US had a responsibility to spread Christianity and “civilization” to the world’s “inferior peoples” This ethnocentric viewed angered many countries in the years to come.

Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Which of the three ideas do you think is the biggest reason why a country would want to become imperialistic? Desire for military strength Thirst for new markets Belief in cultural superiority 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

The US Acquires Alaska: In 1867, Secretary of State William Seward arranged for the United States to buy Alaska from the Russians for $7.2 million – (2 cents an acre) Some thought it was a silly idea and called it “Seward’s Icebox” Alaska is rich in timber, minerals and oil

The US Takes Hawaii: Hawaii had been economically important to Americans for centuries (sugar cane) The U.S. knew the value of the Islands – they had built a naval base at Pearl Harbor in 1887 Led by Sanford Dole, American annexed Hawaii in 1898 and it formally became a state in 1959

This is how I feel about how the U.S. acquired Hawaii: I think they were right to acquire Hawaii the way they did I can understand why, but don’t agree with how they did it I don’t agree at all how they acquired Hawaii 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Did We Meet Our Objectives: Can You: 1. Explain the economic and cultural factors that fueled the growth of American imperialism. 2. Describe how the United States acquired Alaska. 3. Summarize how the United States took over the Hawaiian Islands.

Section 2: Objectives By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Contrast American opinions regarding the Cuban revolt against Spain. 2. Identify events that escalated the conflict between the United States and Spain. 3. Trace the course of the Spanish-American War and its results

Section 2: The Spanish American War Main Idea: In 1898, the United States went to war to help Cuba win its independence from Spain. Why it Matters Now: US involvement in Latin America and Asia increased greatly as a result of the war and continues today. Key Terms: Yellow Journalism U.S.S. Maine Rough Riders San Juan Hill Treaty of Paris Key Names: Jose Marti Valeriano Weyler George Dewey

This is what I’m doing for Thanksgiving this year: Going out of town Staying home Not sure 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

The Spanish American War: America had long held an interest in Cuba (we had sugar plantations there) Valeriano Weyler (Spanish Navy leader) was wreaking havoc on the Cuban people. The Cubans tried to rebel against him, but failed American sympathy went out to the Cuban people

Why did America have an interest in Cuba? Sugar Sugar and Spanish oppression Vacation hot spot None of the above 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Cuba’s Second War for Independence: Jose Marti - a Cuban poet attempted a revolution in 1895 Marti destroyed property, including American sugar plants, hoping to get America involved Not a bad idea!

War Fever Escalates: Newspaper writers (Hearst and Pulitzer) started to exaggerate Spanish atrocities in “Headline Wars” This was called Yellow Journalism - sensational writing that exaggerated what was really going on CLICK THE PIC!!!

During this time period, do you think that people were more persuaded by media bias than they are today? Yes No Maybe Not sure 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

U.S.S. Maine Explodes! President McKinley ordered the U.S.S. Maine – (A large American War Ship) to Cuba in order to bring home American citizens in danger The ship blew up in the harbor of Havana - 260 men were killed We blamed it on the Spanish – it was actually a problem with the ship itself.

When the U.S. found out that the Maine sank as a result of a fire, do you think they had a right to apologize to Spain? Yes No Maybe Not sure :20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

War Erupts With Spain: Newspapers blamed the Spanish for bombing the U.S.S. Maine – even though it wasn’t their fault! “Remember the Maine!” became a rallying cry for U.S. intervention in Cuba War with Spain was inevitable

War With Spain: U.S. forces overtook the Spanish colony of the Philippines U.S. forces overtook Puerto Rico Eventually destroyed most of Spanish fleet Teddy Roosevelt fought with his Rough riders at the Battle of San Juan Hill

US Wins: Signs Armistice The U.S. and Spain signed an Armistice – (Cease Fire) ending what Secretary of State John Hay called “a splendid little war” The war lasted only 16 weeks Cuba was now independent U.S. receives Guam, Puerto Rico, and “bought” the Philippines for $20 million

Section 3: Objectives By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: 1. Describe the US involvement in Puerto Rico and in Cuba. 2. Identify the causes and effects of the Philippine-American War. 3. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China. 4. Summarize the views regarding US imperialism.

Section 3: Acquiring New Lands Main Idea: In the early 1900’s, the United States engaged in conflicts in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Philippines. Why it Matters Now: Today, the United States maintains a strong military and political presence in strategic worldwide locations. Key Terms: Foraker Act Platt Amendment Protectorate Boxer Rebellion Open Door Policy

How was your Thanksgiving Break? Great! Good Average Not so good I don’t want to talk about it 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Acquiring New Lands: The U.S had to decide how to rule the new lands Puerto Rico wanted their independence– but the U.S. had other plans Foraker Act - The U.S. set up a civil government, full citizenship, and a bicameral system Puerto Rico rebelled against the US but was unsuccessful

What was the main reason why the Filipino’s eventually rebelled against the United States? They didn’t like having American Naval bases on their land They felt like the Americans were too controlling They didn’t feel Americans had them in their best interest All of the above are true Both 1 and 2 :20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Cuba And The United States: The U.S signed an agreement with Cuba known as the Platt Amendment Key features of “Platt” included 1. The right of the U.S. to maintain naval stations on the island and 2. The right to intervene in Cuban affairs at any time Cuba had become a Protectorate of the U.S. – a country whose affairs are partially controlled by a stronger power

Do you think that the two conditions of the Platt Amendment were fair to the Cubans? 20 Yes Not sure No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Foreign Influence on China: Weakened by war and foreign intervention, many European countries had colonized in China In 1889 the U.S. issued the Open Door Policy which outlined a plan for free trade among nations in China Resentment arose in the form of secret societies determined to rid China of these “foreign devils” The Boxer Rebellion – secret group tried to remove foreign presence in China – they were unsuccessful

Why did the Boxer’s rebel against foreign forces? They were stealing money from them They were taxing many of the residents of the Chinese cities They were controlling many of the businesses in China They didn’t rebel, they liked the foreign countries doing business with them 20 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

Did We Meet our Objectives? Can You: 1. Describe the US involvement in Puerto Rico and in Cuba. 2. Identify the causes and effects of the Philippine-American War. 3. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy in China. 4. Summarize the views regarding US imperialism.

Section 4: Objectives By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world.

Section 4: America as a World Power Main Idea: The Russo-Japanese War, the Panama Canal, and the Mexican Revolution added to America’s military and economic power. Why it Matters Now: American involvement in conflicts around 1900 led to involvement in WW I and later to a peacekeeper role in today’s world. Key Terms: Panama Canal Roosevelt Corollary Dollar Diplomacy Key Names: Francisco “Pancho” Villa Emiliano Zapata John J. Pershing

The Panama Canal: By the early 20th century, many Americans understood the advantages of a canal through Panama Panama Canal - would greatly reduce travel times for commercial and military ships by providing a short cut between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans America first had to help Panama win their independence from Colombia – which it did

Cost- $380 million Workers– Over 40,000 (5,600 died) Time – Construction took 10 years

American Fear: The US was nervous that other nations would become more powerful. The Roosevelt Corollary said that the US would now use force to protect it’s economic interests in Latin America. “Speak softly and carry a big stick” - Roosevelt We controlled taxes on import and exports too

Sum it All Up: What Did America Accomplish During This Time Period? 1. Expanded it access to foreign markets in order to ensure the continued growth of the domestic economy. 2. Built a modern Navy to protect its interests abroad. 3. Exercised its international police power to ensure dominance in Latin America.

Did We Meet All Of Our Objectives? Can You: Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign policy promoted American power around the world.